Understanding of Individual Differences MCQ Quiz - Objective Question with Answer for Understanding of Individual Differences - Download Free PDF

Individual difference refers to the difference which distinguishes an individual from another on the basis of psychological characteristics.

Key Points

A school should address individual differences of students by:

• providing multiple learning opportunities.

• following a child-centred and flexible curriculum.

• observing and diagnosing the learner's individual needs.

• working with specific and collaborative teaching models.

• using different pedagogy to meet learner's diverse needs.

Hint

Remaining options are not true because:

• Removal of individual difference is not possible and if possible then also it won't facilitate meaningful learning.

• Referring slow learners to special schools will make the child feel being segregated and could lead to low self-esteem.

• Following the same level of curriculum for all students will be an obstacle as every learner has their own individual learning needs. 

Hence, it could be concluded that schools can address the Individual differences in students by following a child-centered curriculum and providing multiple learning opportunities to them.

Additional Information

• A child-centred curriculum refers to the curriculum whose centre of focus is the child. By saying child the centre of focus, it means that those methodologies are adopted for teaching which is easy to grasp for a child to learn.  

Individual attention in the teaching-learning process is essential to cater to the diverse needs of students. Each child is unique and has their own pace of learning.

Key Points

•  "Children develop at different rates and learn differently" is the correct reason for why individual attention is important.
• Since students learn at varying paces and have different learning styles, providing personalized attention allows teachers to address specific needs, helping each child progress effectively.
• This ensures that all students, regardless of their abilities, are supported and able to achieve their full potential.

Hint

• Teacher training programs emphasize it: While teacher training programs may address the importance of individual attention, this is not the primary reason why it is important in the learning process.
• It helps teachers to maintain discipline: While individual attention may help in managing classrooms, it is not the main reason for its importance in the learning process.
• Learners always learn better in groups: This is not true for every student, as some may benefit more from individual attention, depending on their learning needs.

Hence, individual attention is important because children develop at different rates and learn differently, and tailored support helps them succeed.

In the context of social studies and human development, social situations refer to the structures, systems, and institutions that shape human life and society. These influence how people live, interact, and organize their communities.Key Points

• Governance system refers to the way a society is ruled or managed, including laws, leadership, and administrative structures.
• It directly affects human rights, education, economy, justice, and social equality.
• This system plays a major role in influencing societal norms, behavior, decision-making, and overall quality of life.
• It determines the distribution of resources, social justice, and the enforcement of law and order — all crucial in shaping human lives.

Hint

• Agriculture influences economy and food supply but is more of an economic activity than a social system.
• Vegetation is a natural factor, not a social situation.
• Religious place holds cultural and spiritual significance but does not comprehensively shape social structure like governance does.

Hence, governance system is the social situation that most significantly influences the life of human beings.

Principles of community organisation are generalized guiding rules for sound practice. Principles are expressions of value judgments. 

Key Points The principles of community organisation include:

• Community right of self-determination: The role of the community organisation worker is to provide professional skill, assistance, and creative leadership in enabling people's groups and organisations to achieve social welfare objectives. The community members should make basic decisions regarding programme and policy.
• Limited use of authority or compulsion: Invoking the application of authority or compulsion may sometimes be necessary in community organisation. But it should be used as little as possible, for as short a time as possible, and only as a last resort. When compulsion must be applied,  should be followed as soon as possible, by resumption of the cooperative process.
• Participatory planning: The community organisation worker must accept the need for participatory planning throughout the process of community organisation. The practitioner must prepare a blue print in the beginning of what he/she intends to do with the community.Planning in community organisation is a continuous process as it follows the cycle of implementation and evaluation. 

Thus, it is concluded that Centralized decision-making is not a principle of community organization.

Key Points

In community organisation, "community" is used in two major ways:

• Geographic Community – It includes people living in a specific area, such as a village, town, city, or district.
• Functional or Interest-Based Community – It refers to a group of people who share a common interest or function, such as agriculture, education, welfare, or religion.

Thus, it is concluded that In community organisation, "community" can refer to a group sharing a common interest or a specific geographic area.

The correct answer is 1992.

Key Points

• The National Commission for Women was formed with the intention to establish an equal and just livelihood for women by making legal and constitutional amendments for women in India.
• The demand for setting up a body persisted for a long and ultimately to keep the interest of the people, the National Commission for Women Bill 1990 was introduced in the Loksabha on 22nd May 1990. 
• The National Commission for Women was set up in 1992 under the National Commission for Women Act, 1990.
• This body was established to review the constitutional and legal safeguards for women.
• The first commission was constituted on 31st January 1992 as Jayanti Patnaik as the chairperson.
• Alok Rawat IAS is the first male member of the National Commission for Women (NCW). 
• Composition:
  • Chairperson: The central government should nominate the chairperson.
  • Five members: The five members are also to be nominated by the central government from amongst the person of ability, integrity, and standing.
    • They should possess experience in various fields like law or legislation, trade unionism, management of industry potential of women, women’s voluntary organization, education, administration, economic development, and social good-being.
  • Member Secretary: The Central Government also nominates member secretary. He/ she should be either an expert in the field of management, an organization, or an officer who is a member.

Counselling refers to the process which gives importance to recognizing the root of the counsellee's problems to help them with proper guidance.

Key Points

• Community-based counselling involves groups of families having children with conduct disorders. It may also involve people who drop out of school and whose difficulties are likely to be more severe. 
• Home or community-based counselling may not benefit the child who has such problems in the school setting. 
• A common characteristic of Community-based counselling is that the professional develop close and personal bonds with his client.
• The counsellor needs to be professionally qualified and well-informed in his field and to understand how his work fits in with the work of others in the caring team; importantly, the counsellor should also be aware of how the physical,
  emotional, social and spiritual distress of his patients or clients influences him on a personal level as well as in discharging his professional responsibilities.

Additional Information

• The School-based counselling/School Counseling Program is comprehensive in scope, developmental in nature, proactive in design, and differentiated in order to address individual and societal needs.
• School-based counselling fosters an environment that encourages students to develop self-awareness, as well as understanding, tolerance and acceptance of others’ diverse qualities, backgrounds, beliefs and aptitudes.

Confusion Points

• It should be noted that if a child is a droop out (that is, he has left school in the middle) can not be helped by school-based counselling.

Hence, the above statement is about Community-based counselling.

No two individuals are exactly the same. We all differ from one another not only in height, weight, color, appearance, speed of reaction but also in behavior.

• Individual differences are characteristic of all living organisms. It refers to the difference which distinguishes an individual from another on the basis of psychological characteristics.
• Every child is unique and they learn and grow at their own pace. Teachers shouldn't try to change learners’ aptitude or personality but they must accommodate their teaching to cater to the needs of learners.

Key Points

• It is very important for a teacher to know the individual differences among students for an effective and productive teaching-learning process. The knowledge of individual differences will help a teacher to adjust the curriculum, teaching strategies, and methods for the benefit of students.

Effective strategies to cater to individual differences in the class: 

• Recognize and respect differences: Teachers should recognize individual differences in their classroom, fulfill students' needs and respect the diversity and individual differences of learners. 
• Use diverse pedagogical strategies: Teachers should use diverse pedagogical strategies to teach students because every student learns in their style, some learn by reading, some learn by doing, etc. 
• Reflect on students' verbal and non-verbal communication: While communicating with students teachers should pay attention to their verbal and non-verbal communication to provide required guidance.

Hint

• "Identifying deficits in students and correcting them" is not an effective strategy to cater to individual differences in the class because just focusing on identifying deficits will lead to low self-esteem and anxiety in learners, it will hinder their development and learning.

Hence, we can conclude that identifying deficits in students and correcting them is not an effective strategy to cater to individual differences in the class.

Individual difference: Every child is unique and different from others. It should be kept in mind that learners possess different abilities, and personalities, and belong to different backgrounds.

• The stimulus needs of every learner will be different. Teaching has to be done keeping in mind the individual differences and problems arising out of it.

Key Points

The teacher should take care of the below points:

• As per the need of the students, the teaching method can vary.
• Generally confused with discrimination, ability grouping is a measure in which students of similar traits are grouped so that the teacher can choose a compatible teaching method.
• Keeping in mind the child-centered education as proposed by the NCF, adjusting the curriculum is no exception because it is the child who has the freedom to choose what he wants to learn.
• The pace of learning should not be a matter of concern for a teacher as every child has his pace and more than results, the attempt to learn is important.

Hint

• It should be noted that, though self-study improves knowledge, it should not be done simultaneously when the teacher’s responsibility is to teach children.

Hence, we conclude that for a teacher, leaving children for self-study is not recommended 

In order to maintain gender equality in the classroom, It is very important for a teacher to provide the same opportunity to both the boys and girls.

Key Points

• As young children begin to notice the differences in social expectations for gender roles, the ways teachers interact with students stand to have a great impact on their ability to participate in their education.
• These interactions also create long-lasting effects in other areas of their lives, at times limiting  their self-image and their perception of the opportunities that are available or appropriate for them. Following are a few ways by which a teacher should be able to maintain gender equality in the classroom:
  • Be reflective and objective.
  • Use gender-neutral language when appropriate.
  • Use project-based learning.
  • Provide equal opportunity to both boys and girls.
  • Seat and group students intentionally.

Thus, it is concluded that in order to maintain gender equality in the classroom, a teacher should provide the same opportunity to both boys and girls by providing them equal opportunities they would be able to understand gender equality.

Key Points

Gender is a social construct that impacts attitudes, roles, responsibilities, and behaviour patterns of boys and girls, men, and women in all societies. Increasing attention has been given to the importance of achieving gender equality in education.  It rejected the underlying biological distinction word “sex” and the expression “sexual inequality”, which appears as “an ideological shield for maintaining domination”. 

Important Points

Gender-related terminologies:

Hence, we conclude that gender is a social construct.

A community is a social group determined by geographical boundaries and/or common values and interests. Its members know and interact with each other. It functions within a particular social structure and exhibits and creates certain norms and values, and social institutions.

Key Points

• Community Engagement in education can be acknowledged as a key driving force that has influenced the efforts of eliminating the problems and hindrances in the path of providing quality education for the education deprived. 
• Though it is a known fact that problems like low school enrollment are the reason for a large chunk of the community being education deprived. But it is not the root cause, neither it is the solution. It is barely an observation that can lead us to the solution. Here low school enrollment indicates that school is still beyond reach, either physically or financially for many of those who need it. 
• Successful engagement of the community as a provider of education can open multiple service channels of education for the deprived students. 
• Involvement of the community can facilitate better school management as it will increase the accountability at a community level for quality education. 
• The indulgence of community in education will ensure the preservation of cultural heritage and history through the learning channel and would create a coherence between the culture and the subjects. This synchronization of community with education will help in the better contribution of local human resources and would parallelly be productive for the community as well.

Thus, it is concluded that community engagement refers to the establishment of sustainable relationships with the local community to improve students learning and wellbeing and assists students to understand their role in the broader community.

Hint

• ​Community participation is an active process of working groups to define the needs of the community. This takes place based on dialogue, sharing of understanding, and ensuring that the needs that are acted upon are based on informed decision-making and represent the interest of all sections of the community.
• Socialization is a process of learning the rules, habits, and values of a group to which a person belongs whether it is family, friends, colleagues or any other group. It is the process by which a child slowly becomes aware of her/himself as a member of a group and gains knowledge about the culture of the family and also the society into which she/he is born.

Important Points

• Gender Diversity refers to the extent to which a person’s gender identity, role, or expression differs from the cultural norms prescribed for people of a particular sex.
• Gender Diversity most commonly refers to an equal ratio of men and women.
• Gender diversity in a workplace means that men and women are hired at a similar and consistent rate, are paid equally, and are given the same working opportunities with the same promotional opportunities.

Hence, we can conclude that the right answer to this question is the Equivalence ratio of men and women. 

Noam Chomsky, the linguist who gave an explanation that human beings have an innate ability to acquire language. He put forth the innate proposition of the development of language. This knowledge is given to them by nature – the rules that govern language are part of a biologically based human language faculty. This is called the Language Acquisition Device (LAD). 

Important Points

Nativist theory: The nativist theory of language development proposed by Noam Chomsky, argues that language is a unique human accomplishment.

• Chomsky says that all children have what is called an LAD, an innate language acquisition device that allows children to produce consistent sentences once vocabulary is 5 9 learned.
• His claim is based upon the view that what children hear – their linguistic input – is insufficient to explain how they come to learn language.
• While this view has dominated linguistic theory for over fifty years, it has recently fallen into disrepute. 

Key Points

Some major points of his theory are-

• The rate at which children acquire words and grammar without being taught can not be explained by learning principles.
• Children also create all sorts of sentences they have never heard and, therefore, could not be imitating.
• Chomsky believes language development is just like physical maturation- given adequate care, it “just happens to the child”.
• Children are born with “universal grammar”. They readily learn the grammar of any language they hear. 
• Children throughout the world seem to have a critical period , a period when learning must occur if it is to occur successfully, for learning the language.
• Children across the world also go through the same stages of language development.
• Chomsky’s emphasis on our innate readiness to learn grammar helps explain why children acquire language so readily without direct teaching.

Hence, we can conclude that the nativist perspective of language development was proposed by Noam Chomsky. 

Additional Information

• J.B. Watson, the father of Behaviourism, who have outright emphasized only one factor, that is environmental factor ignoring the role of the other two sets of factors in the development of personality. 

We do not treat boys and girls the same way. Men and women do not get equal opportunities to participate in all social, political, economic and educational activities. Being a girl or woman does not limit her capability. Despite this, women are denied opportunities to function fully in many spheres of life. Denial opportunity smacks of a bias and discrimination. Such above statements are referred to as gender discrimination. 

Key Points

Sources and Forms of Gender Discrimination:

• Family and Parents
• Appointment, Promotion, Placement
• Division of Labour Inside the House
• Property, Resources, and Control Over Resources
• Education, Textbooks, Curriculum, and Teachers
• Laws and rules
• Nutrition, Health and Leisure
• Educational Opportunities
• Government Policies

Hence, we conclude that all the above points are Sources and Forms of Gender Discrimination.