Types of Solutions MCQ Quiz - Objective Question with Answer for Types of Solutions - Download Free PDF

The correct answer is Both I and II are correct.

Key Points

• A solution is a homogeneous mixture: Homogeneous mixtures have a uniform composition throughout, such as salt dissolved in water (source: Chemistry LibreTexts).
• Soil is an example of a heterogeneous mixture: Heterogeneous mixtures have visibly different substances or phases, like soil which contains organic matter, minerals, air, and water (source: ScienceDirect).
• Homogeneous mixtures are characterized by having only one phase of matter, ensuring uniform properties (source: Encyclopedia Britannica).
• Heterogeneous mixtures can be separated into their components through physical means such as filtration, sieving, or decantation (source: National Science Foundation).

Additional Information

• Homogeneous Mixture:
  • Examples include solutions like sugar in water, air, and alloys.
  • In homogeneous mixtures, the solute and solvent are uniformly distributed at the molecular level (source: Royal Society of Chemistry).
• Heterogeneous Mixture:
  • Examples include mixtures like salad, oil and water, and granite.
  • Components in heterogeneous mixtures can be easily distinguished and separated physically (source: American Chemical Society).
• Solution:
  • A solution is a specific type of homogeneous mixture composed of two or more substances.
  • It involves a solute being dissolved in a solvent, forming a single-phase system (source: Chemguide).
• Mixture:
  • A mixture is a material made up of two or more different substances which are not chemically bonded.
  • Mixtures can be classified as either homogeneous or heterogeneous based on the uniformity of their composition (source: Khan Academy).

Concept:

The temperature dependence of the rate of a chemical reaction is expressed by the Arrhenius equation as, \(k = A{e^{ - {E_a}/RT}}\) 

where,

A = Arrhenius factor or frequency or pre-exponential factor,

R = gas constant,

Ea = Activation energy.

Explanation:

As we know according to the kinetic theory of gases temperature when the temperature of the gas molecules is increased then the kinetic energy of the molecules increases and hence the velocity of the molecules increases and thus the rate of collision also increases

And because of this, the rate of reaction increases to and it is measured by the Arrhenius equation as shown above in which activation energy is the minimum energy needed to start a reaction 

The correct answer is a saturated solution.

Key Points

• A saturated solution is one in which no more solute can be dissolved at a given temperature.
• In a saturated solution, the concentration of solute remains constant as long as the temperature and pressure remain unchanged.
• When a solution reaches saturation, any additional solute will remain undissolved and will form a precipitate.
• Saturation is a dynamic equilibrium between the dissolved solute and the undissolved solute.

Additional Information

• Colloidal Solution:
  • A colloidal solution contains particles that are intermediate in size between those in solutions and suspensions.
  • These particles do not settle out and cannot be separated by ordinary filtering.
• Suspension:
  • A suspension is a heterogeneous mixture in which the solute particles do not dissolve but remain dispersed throughout the bulk of the medium.
  • The particles in a suspension are larger than those in solutions and colloids and can be separated by filtration.
• Unsaturated Solution:
  • An unsaturated solution is one that contains less solute than the maximum amount that can be dissolved at a given temperature.
  • More solute can be dissolved in an unsaturated solution until it becomes saturated.
• Supersaturated Solution:
  • A supersaturated solution contains more dissolved solute than it would under normal circumstances.
  • It is formed by cooling a saturated solution, causing the excess solute to remain in solution.
  • Supersaturated solutions are unstable and can precipitate the excess solute upon disturbance.

The correct answer is Saturated solution.

Key Points

• A saturated solution is one in which no more solute can be dissolved at a given temperature and pressure.
• In a saturated solution, the rate of dissolution and the rate of precipitation of the solute are in equilibrium.
• Any additional solute added to a saturated solution will remain undissolved and will typically form a precipitate.
• The concentration of solute in a saturated solution is constant at a specific temperature and pressure.
• Saturation is a dynamic equilibrium where the dissolved solute particles are in a state of balance with the undissolved particles.

Additional Information

• Unsaturated Solution:
  • An unsaturated solution is one that contains less solute than it has the capacity to dissolve at a given temperature and pressure.
  • Additional solute can be dissolved in an unsaturated solution until it becomes saturated.
• Supersaturated Solution:
  • A supersaturated solution contains more dissolved solute than would normally be possible at a given temperature.
  • Supersaturation can be achieved by heating a solution, dissolving more solute, and then slowly cooling it.
  • Supersaturated solutions are unstable and can precipitate the excess solute if disturbed.
• Factors Affecting Solubility:
  • Temperature: Generally, solubility of solids in liquids increases with an increase in temperature.
  • Pressure: Primarily affects the solubility of gases; solubility of gases increases with an increase in pressure.
  • Nature of Solute and Solvent: "Like dissolves like" principle; polar solutes dissolve in polar solvents and non-polar solutes dissolve in non-polar solvents.
• Dynamic Equilibrium:
  • In a saturated solution, the dynamic equilibrium exists between the dissolved solute and the undissolved solute.
  • This means that the rate of dissolution of the solute equals the rate of precipitation from the solution.

The correct answer is Sugar in water.

Important Points

• Sugar in water is a homogeneous mixture.
• A Heterogeneous mixture has different proportions of its compound in a sample.
• A Homogeneous mixture has the same proportions of its compound in a sample.
• A Mixture in which solute particle does not dissolve, but get suspended is a suspension.
• A solution in which the substances are regularly suspended in a fluid is a Colloidal Solution.
• A true solution is a homogeneous mixture of two or more substances in which the substance dissolved in the solvent has a particle size of less than 10-9 m or 1 nm. 

The correct answer is Amalgam.

Explanation:

• An Amalgam is an alloy of mercury with another metal.
• It may be a liquid, a soft paste or a solid, depending upon the proportion of mercury.
• These alloys are formed through metallic bonding, with the electrostatic attractive force of the conduction electrons working to bind all the positively charged metal ions together into a crystal lattice structure.
• Amalgams are used to make dental fillings, to bind to precious metals so they can be isolated later, and to produce mirror coatings.

Additional Information

• Saturated Solution - 
  • A solution which can not dissolve a further amount of solute at a particular temperature is called a saturated solution.
  • For example, when you keep adding sugar to the water, a time will reach when no more sugar will dissolve in the water and sugar will settle down at the bottom.
• Unsaturated Solution - 
  • An unsaturated solution is a solution that contains less than the maximum amount of solute that is capable of being dissolved.
  • Tea and the sugar solution is a good example of an unsaturated solution due to the reason that they dissolve more amount of sugar in them.
  • Once such solutions reach the saturation point, they get converted to a saturated solutions.
• Supersaturated Solution -
  • A supersaturated solution contains more dissolved solute than required for preparing a saturated solution and can be prepared by heating a saturated solution, adding more solute, and then cooling it gently.
  • Excess dissolved solute crystallizes by seeding supersaturated solution with a few crystals of the solute.

The correct option is Water in oil

• Oil and water form a heterogeneous mixture because these two liquids are immiscible with each other and form a heterogeneous mixture. The intermixing does not occur due to the difference in nature of both the molecules, the oil molecules are non-polar and hydrophobic while water molecules are polar. As they do not blend, the composition of the mixture is not uniform.

Key PointsEXPLANATION:
A mixture is a combination or solution of two or more substances that are not chemically united or bonded to each other.

1) Homogeneous Mixture: A homogeneous mixture is one whose composition is uniform throughout the mixture.

• It is the type of mixture where components are distributed uniformly.
• Examples of homogeneous mixtures are  Air, Sugar in water, Rainwater, Vinegar, Dishwashing detergent, Steel, Cup of Coffee, Detergent, Cologne, Beverages, Alloys, etc.
   

2) Heterogeneous Mixture: Materials that are insoluble in a solvent and have particles that are visible to the naked eye form a suspension. A suspension is a heterogeneous mixture.

• A heterogeneous mixture can be easily separated by just gravity or by applying normal physical processes like centrifugal or density difference.
• Colloids are heterogeneous mixtures in which the particle size is too small to be seen with the naked eye, but is big enough to scatter light. The particles are called the dispersed phase and the medium in which they are distributed is called the dispersion medium.
• Examples of the heterogeneous mixture are Soil, Blood, Fog, Smog, Smoke, Clouds, Sand and Water, and Blood. 

The correct answer is a and b.

Key Points

Properties of a Colloidal sol are-

• Colloidal particles show the Tyndall effect as they scatter light. Small-sized colloidal particles cannot be seen with naked eyes but they are big enough to scatter a beam of light.
• Colloidal particles show Brownian motion since the colloidal particles show random movement in the solution.
• Hence the correct answer is a and b.

Important Points

• Tyndall effect
  • Tyndall effect is the phenomenon in which the particles in a colloidal solution scatter the beams of light that are directed at them

• Brownian motion
  • Colloidal particles in a solution are continuously bombarded by the molecules of the dispersion medium on all sides.
  •  As a result, the solution particles show random or zig-zag movements.
  • This random or zig-zag motion of the colloidal particles in solution is called Brownian motion or Brownian movement.

Additional Information

•   Maxwell distribution
  • Maxwell-Boltzmann Distribution is a probability distribution used for describing the speeds of various particles within a stationary container at a specific temperature.
•  Van der Waals forces
  • Van der Waals force is a distance-dependent interaction between atoms or molecules.
  • They are comparatively weak and therefore more susceptible to disturbance.
  • The van der Waals force quickly vanishes when distances between interacting molecules increases.

Important Points

• Colloid Mixture
  • A colloid is a mixture in which one substance of microscopically dispersed insoluble particles is suspended throughout another substance. 
  • A colloid is a heterogeneous mixture of a dispersed phase and a dispersion medium.
  • It appears as a homogeneous mixture to the naked eye.
  • The particle size varies from 1 to 100 nm (nanometers).

The correct answer is Sol.

Key Points

• Milk of magnesia is an example of Solid in liquid type colloid (sol) type of colloid.
• Milk of magnesia is a suspension of Mg(OH)2 in water.
• Milk of magnesia is a sol which means that the dispersed phase is in the solid state and the dispersion medium is in the liquid state.

Additional Information

• Aerosol is defined as a suspension system of solid or liquid particles in a gas.
• A solid sol is a colloidal solution in which both the dispersion medium (solvent) and the dispersed phase (solute) are solid.
• An emulsion is a mixture of two or more liquids that are normally immiscible (unmixable or unblendable) owing to liquid-liquid phase separation.

The correct answer is Sugar in water.

Key Points

• A Homogeneous mixture has the same proportion of its compound in a sample.
  • Sugar in water is a homogeneous mixture.
• A Heterogeneous mixture has a different proportion of its compound in a sample. 
• A Mixture in which a solute particle does not dissolve, but gets suspended is a suspension.
• A solution in which the substances are regularly suspended in a fluid is a Colloidal Solution.
• A true solution is a homogeneous mixture of two or more substances in which the substance dissolved in the solvent has a particle size of less than 10^-9 m or 1 nm. 

Mistake Points

• Ice cubes in cola: Ice can be physically separated from cola when it is in a mixture.
• Once the ice melts in the cola, it can no longer be separated, thus it is no longer a mixture.
• So ice in cola is a heterogeneous solution.​

Confusion Points 

• Sugar and water can be separated by removing the water from the solution using the distillation process.

Important Points

• Mixture: Two or three compounds that are not fused chemically, and have no physical interactions.
• Solution: Two substances that are chemically mixed to form a new compound.

Additional Information

The Correct answer is Sublimation.

Explanation:

• Sublimation is when a solid transforms directly into vapours without changing into liquid.
• This phenomenon can be seen in camphor or naphthalene balls.
• Hence we can conclude that Sublimation is the change of a solid state directly to the gaseous state without going through the liquid form.

Additional Information

• Evaporation - It is the process of conversion of a liquid into gas.
• Fusion/Melting - It is the process of conversion of a solid into a liquid.
• Condensation - It is the process of conversion of a gas into a liquid.
• Boiling is the process by which a liquid turns into a vapour when it is heated to its boiling point.
• Deposition: The settling of particles or sediment onto a surface.

The correct answer is Sugar in water.

Important Points

• A Heterogeneous mixture has a different proportion of its compound in a sample.
• A Homogeneous mixture has the same proportion of its compound in a sample.
  • Sugar in water is a homogeneous mixture.
• A Mixture in which solute particle does not dissolve, but gets suspended is a suspension.
• A solution in which the substances are regularly suspended in a fluid is a Colloidal Solution.
• A true solution is a homogeneous mixture of two or more substances in which the substance dissolved in the solvent has a particle size of less than 10-9 m or 1 nm. 

The correct answer is homogeneous.

• A solution is a homogeneous mixture of two or more substances.

Key Points 

Important Points

• A Homogeneous mixture has the same proportion of its compound in a sample.
  • Sugar in water is a homogeneous mixture.
• A Heterogeneous mixture has a different proportion of its compound in a sample. 
• A Mixture in which a solute particle does not dissolve, but gets suspended is a suspension.
• A solution in which the substances are regularly suspended in a fluid is a Colloidal Solution.
• A true solution is a homogeneous mixture of two or more substances in which the substance dissolved in the solvent has a particle size of less than 10-9 m or 1 nm. 

Mistake Points 

• Ice cubes in cola: Ice can be physically separated from cola when it is in a mixture.
• Once the ice melts in the cola, it can no longer be separated, thus it is no longer a mixture.
• So ice in cola is a heterogeneous solution.​

Confusion Points

• Sugar and water can be separated by removing the water from the solution using the distillation process.

Additional Information 

• Mixture: Two or three compounds that are not fused chemically, and have no physical interactions.
• Solution: Two substances are chemically mixed to form a new compound.

The correct answer is Basic.

Key Points

• Magnesium oxide is a simple basic oxide because it contains oxide ions.
• It reacts with water to form magnesium hydroxide which is a base.
• Metal oxides on the left side of the periodic table produce basic solutions in water (e.g. Na₂O and MgO).
• Non-metal oxides on the right side of the periodic table produce acidic solutions (e.g. Cl2O, SO2, P4O10).
• A basic solution is an aqueous solution containing more OH-ions than H+ions.
• Examples of common basic solutions include soap or detergent dissolved in water or solutions of sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, or sodium carbonate.

Additional Information

• A solution with a pH less than 7 is considered acidic, and a solution with a pH greater than 7 is considered basic, or alkaline.
• Strong acids have a higher concentration of hydrogen ions, and they are assigned values closer to 0.
• An amphoteric solution is a substance that can chemically react as either acid or base. However, it is also possible for oxide to be neither acidic nor basic, but is a neutral oxide.
• Examples of amphoteric substances include water, amino acids, proteins, and many metal oxides and hydroxides. Oxides and hydroxides of aluminium, antimony, arsenic, antimony, bismuth, beryllium, chromium, cobalt.
• Neutral solutions are the solutions in which the concentration of hydrogen ions and hydroxide ions are equal Sodium chloride solution or a sugar solution is an example of a neutral solution.
• A neutral solution has a pH equal to 7.
  • Water is another common substance that is neutral on the pH scale.