Science and Technology MCQ Quiz - Objective Question with Answer for Science and Technology - Download Free PDF

The correct answer is option 1.

In News

• An international team of researchers has measured the half-life of 188At (Astatine), the heaviest known proton emitter, furthering scientific understanding of rare decay processes.

Key Points

• Statement I is incorrect. Proton emission does not occur naturally; it is observed in proton-rich nuclei created through nuclear reactions, usually in particle accelerators. Hence, Statement I is incorrect.
• Statement II is correct. For a proton to be emitted from the nucleus, its proton separation energy must be negative, making the proton unbound and able to tunnel out. Hence, Statement II is correct.
• Statement III is correct. The half-life of a nucleus with respect to proton emission depends on the proton energy and its orbital angular momentum, which influences the centrifugal barrier. Hence, Statement III is correct.
• Statement IV is correct. Proton emission involves quantum tunneling, similar to alpha decay, where a particle escapes the nucleus by overcoming potential barriers. Hence, Statement IV is correct.

Additional Information

• Proton emission is a rare form of radioactive decay and provides insights into nuclear structure beyond the proton drip line.
• Unlike alpha or beta decay, proton emission is a direct signature of nuclear instability due to excess protons.

The correct answer is option 3.

In News

• As of May 2025, 56 countries have eliminated at least one Neglected Tropical Disease (NTD), progressing towards WHO’s 2030 elimination target.

Key Points

• Statement I: While NTDs are prevalent in tropical and impoverished regions, some have broader geographical ranges, including in temperate zones. Hence, Statement I is incorrect.
• Statement II: Many NTDs are vector-borne and have complex life cycles, often involving animal or human reservoirs, making elimination difficult. Hence, Statement II is correct.
• Statement III: World NTDs Day is globally observed on January 30 to raise awareness and renew global commitment. Hence, Statement III is correct.
• Statement IV: India still hosts around 12 NTDs and has not yet eliminated all of them. Hence, Statement IV is incorrect.

Additional Information

• Examples of NTDs include Kala Azar (Visceral Leishmaniasis), Lymphatic Filariasis (Elephantiasis), Dengue, Chikungunya, Guinea Worm, etc.
• NTDs impact over 1 billion people globally, especially where sanitation, clean water, and healthcare are inadequate.
• They are termed "neglected" because they have historically received limited funding and attention.

The correct answer is option 2.

In News

• A recent study published in Earth’s Future demonstrated a feasible and lower-cost approach to Stratospheric Aerosol Injection (SAI), using modified existing aircraft at lower altitudes, sparking both interest and controversy.

Key Points

• Statement I: SAI involves injecting aerosols into the stratosphere, not the troposphere. The stratosphere starts above ~10–12 km and extends to about 50 km altitude. Hence, Statement I is incorrect.
• Statement II: Higher altitude injections are more effective as particles remain suspended longer in the stratosphere, increasing reflective capacity. Hence, Statement II is correct.
• Statement III: Lower altitude SAI (around 13 km) is being considered because existing aircraft can reach these heights, particularly in polar and extratropical regions, making the method more affordable and logistically simpler. Hence, Statement III is correct.

Additional Information

• Inspired by the 1991 Mount Pinatubo eruption, which emitted similar aerosol loads and cooled the Earth measurably.
• The simulation found that 12 million tonnes of sulphur dioxide per year could reduce global temperatures by 0.6°C, while higher-altitude injections could achieve the same with less material.
• Risks include ozone depletion, acid rain, geopolitical tensions, and public complacency in emission reductions.

The correct answer is Losgna Occidentalis.

In News

• A new species of parasitic wasp, named Losgna Occidentalis, was rediscovered in Chandigarh after almost six decades.

Key Points

• The species Losgna Occidentalis was discovered from an urban dry scrub forest in Chandigarh, marking the rediscovery of the Losgna genus in India after nearly 60 years.
• This discovery highlights the unexplored richness of India's biodiversity amidst the threats posed by habitat loss and climate change.
• The study was published in the peer-reviewed journal Zootaxa, which is known for animal taxonomic research.
• The new species, Losgna Occidentalis, is part of the Ichneumonid family, also known as Darwin wasps.

Additional Information

• Losgna Genus
  • The Losgna genus is part of the Ichneumonidae family, often referred to as Darwin wasps due to their evolutionary significance.
  • The species in this genus are parasitic, usually preying on other insects, and play a crucial role in the ecosystem.
• Ichneumonid Wasps
  • Ichneumonids are a family of parasitic wasps, many of which have important roles in controlling insect populations.
  • They often parasitize the larvae or pupae of other insects, contributing to natural pest control in ecosystems.

The correct answer is Centre for Nano and Soft Matter Sciences (CeNS).

In News

• Scientists at CeNS, Bengaluru, developed a novel high-entropy alloy (HEA) catalyst to enhance hydrogen production through electrolysis.

Key Points

• The HEA catalyst, PtPdCoNiMn, is composed of Platinum (Pt), Palladium (Pd), Cobalt (Co), Nickel (Ni), and Manganese (Mn).
• It was developed using two techniques: electrodeposition and solvothermal synthesis.
• The catalyst uses seven times less platinum than commercial alternatives while offering superior catalytic efficiency.
• The study was funded by India’s Anusandhan National Research Foundation (ANRF) under the Department of Science and Technology (DST).

Additional Information

• High-Entropy Alloys (HEAs): These advanced alloys contain multiple elements in nearly equal proportions, offering high strength, stability, and efficiency.
• Hydrogen Production via Electrolysis: Electrolysis splits water into hydrogen and oxygen, a key process for green hydrogen energy solutions.
• Platinum Reduction: Traditional catalysts rely heavily on platinum, making them costly. The new HEA catalyst significantly reduces platinum dependency.
• Practical Performance: The catalyst demonstrated stability and efficiency for over **100 hours** in alkaline seawater applications, making it viable for renewable energy technologies.

The correct answer is Prithvi.

Key Points

• Prithvi was the first Indian missile.
• It was a surface-to-surface ballistic missile.
• It was inducted into the Forces Command in 2003.
• It was developed under the Integrated Guided Missile Development Program (IGMDP).
• It was developed by Defence Research Development Organization.
• Dr A.P.J. Abdul Kalam was the brain behind this project.
• He was the former President of India, famously known as the Missile Man of India.

The correct answer is Sindhu Netra Satellite.

Key Points

• The Sindhu Netra satellite has been developed by the young scientists of the Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO).
• ISRO launched the 'Sindhu Netra' satellite using, PSLV-C51 from the Satish Dhawan Space Centre in Sriharikota in Andhra Pradesh on 28 February 2021.
• It is capable of automatically identifying the warships and merchant ships operating in the Indian Ocean region.

Important Points

• India’s Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle PSLV-C51 also launched Amazonia-1 along with 18 co-passenger satellites from Satish Dhawan Space Centre SHAR, Sriharikota.
• Amazônia-1 or SSR-1 is the first Earth observation satellite developed by Brazil and launched by NSIL with the help of ISRO.
• It is the 1st dedicated commercial mission of NewSpace India Limited (NSIL), a GoI company under the Space Department

Additional Information

• DRDO
  • DRDO stands for Defence Research and Development Organisation.
  • Headquarters: New Delhi
  • Founded: 1958
  • Motto : Balasya Mulam Vigyanam (Strength's Origin is in Science)
  • Chairperson: Dr Samir V Kamat

The correct answer is 2024.

Mistake Points

• Two uncrewed Gaganyan missions will be launched in 2023-2024 and the final crewed Gaganyaan mission will be launched in 2024.

Key Points

• According to Union Minister of State for Space Jitendra Singh, India's first human space flight mission under the 'Gaganyaan program' is scheduled to launch in the fourth quarter of 2024.
• Gaganyaan, India's first human space mission, is set to launch in 2024.
• Two uncrewed Gaganyan missions, uncrewed mission 'G1'(in the last quarter of 2023) and the second uncrewed mission 'G2' in the second quarter of 2024
• The second mission will carry "Vyommitra", a spacefaring human-robot developed by ISRO, in the second quarter of 2024.

Important Points

•  India will become the fourth nation in the world to launch a Human Spaceflight Mission after USA, Russia and China.
• The major missions viz., Test vehicle flight for the validation of Crew Escape System performance and the 1st Uncrewed mission of Gaganyaan (G1) are scheduled during the beginning of 2nd half of 2022. 
• The astronaut training facility is getting established in Bengaluru and in advanced stage of completion.
• Basic Aeromedical training and flying practice completed as part of the Indian leg of training.
• The design of all systems of Gaganyaan has been completed. 
• The configuration and design of ground infrastructure have been completed and modifications needed are being implemented.

The correct answer is Iran.

Key Points

• Iran's paramilitary Revolutionary Guard launched a second satellite into space in March 2022.
• The Noor-2 satellite reached a low orbit on the Ghased satellite carrier.
• Ghased is a three-phase, mixed fuel satellite carrier. 
• The Guard launched its first Noor satellite in 2020, revealing to the world it ran its own space programme.

Important Points

• Noor 2 is orbiting at an altitude of 500 kilometres (311 miles). 
• The three-stage Qased, or "Messenger", carrier launched the Noor 2, from the Shahroud space port.
• The same type of rockets, which use a combination of liquid and solid fuels, carried the first military satellite.

Additional Information

• Iran:
  • Capital - Tehran.
  • Currency - Iranian rial.
  • President - Ebrahim Raisi.
  • National Sport - Freestyle wrestling.

The correct answer is PSLV-C52.

Key Points

• The Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) launched the Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle, PSLV-C52, carrying three satellites on 14 Feb 2022 from the Satish Dhawan Space Centre in Sriharikota.
• It was carrying EOS-04, a radar imaging satellite.
• The other two satellites include one student satellite (INSPIREsat-1) from IIST, and a technology demonstrator satellite (INS-2TD) from ISRO.

Additional Information

• ​India’s Polar rocket, Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle PSLV-C51 has successfully launched Amazonia-1 of Brazil and 18 other satellites from the spaceport.
• The Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) had launched the 51st mission of Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle PSLV C49 in 2020.
  • ISRO Chairman: Shri S. Somanath (as of Feb 2022).
  • ISRO Headquarters: Bengaluru, Karnataka.
  • ISRO established: 15 August 1969.
• Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) launched the country’s newest satellite named EMISAT, from PSLV C-45, from Sriharikota launch station.

The correct answer is ISRO.

• The word 'Vyommitra' is made up of two words of the Sanskrit language 'Vyom' and 'Mitra' which means space and friend respectively.
• This is the prototype of the Half-Humanoid female robot developed by ISRO.
• It was unveiled on 22 January 2020.

Additional Information 

• Vyommitra is planned to be sent on the manned space mission in December 2021 which will help the male astronauts.
• Under the "Gaganyaan" program, Vyommitra will be sent to unmanned missions at the end of this year and also next year before the astronauts left.
• The aim of its creation is that ISRO does not want to fly animals on board for its experiments like other nations do to find out how the human body reacts during long-duration in space.
• This humanoid robot will understand what weightlessness and radiation can do to a human body.

The correct answer is the Indian Institute of Science (IISc).

Important Points

• A team of engineers at the Indian Institute of Science (IISc) had developed an intensive care unit (ICU) grade ventilator under the name of ‘Project Praana’.
• Recently, the team has successfully completed the prototyping of the ventilator, which is now in the process of being commercialised.
• The affordable ventilator uses only components made in India or components which are easily available in the domestic markets.
• The team developed the ventilator in a record 35 days.

The correct answer is Russia.

Key Points

• Yuri Borisov, the newly appointed director-general of  Roscosmos announced the plan to withdraw from the International Space Station.
• International Space Station was launched in the year 1998,and it has been continuously occupied since  November 2000. Along with Russia and USA the other countries includes Canada, Japan and 11 European countries.

Additional Information

• India is planning to lauch its first manned mission called Gaganyaan . Under this mission 3 people will be carried to space and willl stay there for a week.

The correct answer is 1991.

Key Points

• PARAM 8000:
  • The PARAM 8000 was the first machine in the series and was built from scratch.
  • Vijay P. Bhatkar is best known as the architect of India's national initiative in supercomputing where he led the development of Param supercomputers.
    • He developed the first Indian supercomputer, the PARAM 8000, in 1991.
  • PARAM is a series of supercomputers designed and assembled by the Centre for Development of Advanced Computing (C-DAC).
  • PARAM means "supreme" in the Sanskrit language.
  • As of November 2020, the latest and fastest machine in the series is the PARAM Siddhi AI which ranks 63rd in the world.

Additional Information

• C-DAC:
  • C-DAC headquarters is in Pune, Maharastra. 
  • C-DAC was created in November 1987, originally as the Centre for Development of Advanced Computing Technology (C-DACT).
  • This was in response to issues purchasing supercomputers from foreign sources.
  • The Indian Government decided to try and develop indigenous computing technology.

The correct answer is Vikas.

Key Points

• ISRO successfully conducted a 25-second qualification test for its liquid propellant-based Vikas engine to be used under the Gaganyaan mission, in January 2022.
• The test was conducted at the ISRO Propulsion Complex in Mahendragri, Tamil Nadu.
• It was done to see how the engine performed in conditions that were not optimal, such as change in the fuel-oxidizer ratio or pressure in the fuel chamber.

Important Points

•  Three more tests will be conducted, totalling a duration of 75 seconds, to test the engine under varying conditions.
• Then, a long-duration test for 240 seconds will be conducted to qualify the engine for carrying humans to space.
• Two Vikas engines have already been tested for 240 seconds each under optimal operating conditions.
• This is one of the three engines that the space agency will have to qualify to finally make the entire launch vehicle human rated .