Science and Technology MCQ Quiz - Objective Question with Answer for Science and Technology - Download Free PDF

The Correct Answer is Arunachal Pradesh.

In News

• India’s butterfly family gets a new member from Arunachal.

Key Points

• Species Name: Euthalia malaccana

• Location Found: Arunachal Pradesh, India

• Earlier Known Range: Primarily Southeast Asia

• Taxonomic Update: Once considered a subspecies of Euthalia adonia, now a distinct species

• Identification Markers:

  • Males: Blue apical spot on forewings

  • Females: Larger apical spot

  • Both sexes: Reduced red spots on hindwings

• Differentiated From: Euthalia lubentina (which has more prominent red spots)

• Verification: Based on photographic and morphological evidence

• Significance:

  • First definitive Indian record

  • Expands the known range into the Indo-Australian region

  • Enhances understanding of butterfly diversity in northeastern India

The correct answer is option 2.

In News

• Researchers have studied jarosite samples from the Kachchh region of Gujarat, testing them for luminescence properties to evaluate their potential use as a “natural clock” on Mars. Jarosite is also notable for being discovered by NASA’s Opportunity rover on the Martian surface.

Key Points

• Jarosite is a yellow-brown potassium iron sulfate mineral formed in oxidized, arid, and saline environments.
• It was found on Mars, indicating past acidic water-based weathering on the planet. Hence, its presence holds significance for planetary geology and climate history.
• Researchers subjected jarosite to luminescence dating tests to track how it emits light from radiation exposure over time.
• The study confirmed thermal stability and distinct luminescent peaks, allowing the possibility of it being used as a geological timekeeper or “natural clock.” Hence, Option 2 is correct.

Additional Information

• The Kachchh region was selected as a testing site due to its Martian-like conditions—extreme dryness and salinity. The chemical formula of jarosite is KFe₃(SO₄)₂(OH)₆.
• Luminescence dating helps measure the time elapsed since minerals were last exposed to sunlight or heat.

The correct answer is option 2.

In News

• In November 2022 and July 2023, NASA scientists used the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) and Keck Observatory to observe Titan, Saturn’s largest moon. They detected convection-driven methane cloud activity in Titan’s northern hemisphere—an unprecedented confirmation of active weather patterns on this moon.

Key Points

• Titan is Saturn's largest moon and the second-largest in the solar system. It has a dense atmosphere and lakes and seas of methane and ethane. Hence, this makes it a unique site for studying prebiotic chemistry and climate dynamics.
• The presence of clouds in mid- and high northern latitudes, rising with altitude, suggests convective weather linked to methane cycles. Hence, Statement B is correct.
• These methane weather systems are analogous to Earth’s water-based hydrological cycle, but involve hydrocarbons like methane and ethane.

Additional Information

• The Keck Observatory in Hawaii hosts two 10-meter optical/infrared telescopes, known for their precision due to real-time shape correction of their primary mirrors.
• The James Webb Space Telescope (JWST), with its infrared imaging capabilities, allowed scientists to study Titan’s atmosphere in greater detail than ever before.

The correct answer is Option 4.

In News

• ZFNs, TALENs, and CRISPR have been frequently highlighted in the context of advanced genome editing techniques, especially with the growing focus on biotechnology, agriculture, and human health.

Key Points

• ZFNs (Zinc Finger Nucleases), TALENs (Transcription Activator-Like Effector Nucleases), and CRISPR (Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats) are powerful genome editing tools.
• They allow scientists to edit, delete, or replace specific segments of DNA in plants, animals, and humans with high precision.
• Among these, CRISPR-Cas9 has gained the most attention due to its simplicity, cost-effectiveness, and efficiency compared to older technologies like ZFNs and TALENs.
• Applications include:
  • Genetic correction of hereditary diseases.
  • Development of genetically modified crops with desirable traits.
  • Research in functional genomics.
• Incorrect options:
  • Option A (Genetically modified technology) is broader, while ZFNs, TALENs, and CRISPR are specifically genome editing tools, which may be used to create genetically modified organisms.
  • Option B and C are unrelated to these tools.

The correct answer is Option 2.

In News

• Indian scientists have made global history by producing two new climate-smart rice varieties using a 21st Century breeding technology called "genome editing". With this, India became the first country in the world to develop Genome-Edited or GE rice varieties.

Key Points

• Statement I is incorrect:
  • The genome-edited rice varieties developed by India are not classified as genetically modified (GM) crops under the Indian regulatory framework.
  • The Department of Biotechnology (DBT) clarified that SDN-1 and SDN-2 category genome editing techniques (which do not involve insertion of foreign DNA), therefore will not be regulated as GMOs.
  • India distinguishes genome-edited crops from traditional transgenic GM crops.
• Statement II is correct:
  • Union Agriculture Minister Shivraj Singh Chouhan recently announced that India has become the first country in the world to develop rice varieties using genome editing technology. Hence, Statement II is correct.

The correct answer is Prithvi.

Key Points

• Prithvi was the first Indian missile.
• It was a surface-to-surface ballistic missile.
• It was inducted into the Forces Command in 2003.
• It was developed under the Integrated Guided Missile Development Program (IGMDP).
• It was developed by Defence Research Development Organization.
• Dr A.P.J. Abdul Kalam was the brain behind this project.
• He was the former President of India, famously known as the Missile Man of India.

The correct answer is Sindhu Netra Satellite.

Key Points

• The Sindhu Netra satellite has been developed by the young scientists of the Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO).
• ISRO launched the 'Sindhu Netra' satellite using, PSLV-C51 from the Satish Dhawan Space Centre in Sriharikota in Andhra Pradesh on 28 February 2021.
• It is capable of automatically identifying the warships and merchant ships operating in the Indian Ocean region.

Important Points

• India’s Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle PSLV-C51 also launched Amazonia-1 along with 18 co-passenger satellites from Satish Dhawan Space Centre SHAR, Sriharikota.
• Amazônia-1 or SSR-1 is the first Earth observation satellite developed by Brazil and launched by NSIL with the help of ISRO.
• It is the 1st dedicated commercial mission of NewSpace India Limited (NSIL), a GoI company under the Space Department

Additional Information

• DRDO
  • DRDO stands for Defence Research and Development Organisation.
  • Headquarters: New Delhi
  • Founded: 1958
  • Motto : Balasya Mulam Vigyanam (Strength's Origin is in Science)
  • Chairperson: Dr Samir V Kamat

The correct answer is 2024.

Mistake Points

• Two uncrewed Gaganyan missions will be launched in 2023-2024 and the final crewed Gaganyaan mission will be launched in 2024.

Key Points

• According to Union Minister of State for Space Jitendra Singh, India's first human space flight mission under the 'Gaganyaan program' is scheduled to launch in the fourth quarter of 2024.
• Gaganyaan, India's first human space mission, is set to launch in 2024.
• Two uncrewed Gaganyan missions, uncrewed mission 'G1'(in the last quarter of 2023) and the second uncrewed mission 'G2' in the second quarter of 2024
• The second mission will carry "Vyommitra", a spacefaring human-robot developed by ISRO, in the second quarter of 2024.

Important Points

•  India will become the fourth nation in the world to launch a Human Spaceflight Mission after USA, Russia and China.
• The major missions viz., Test vehicle flight for the validation of Crew Escape System performance and the 1st Uncrewed mission of Gaganyaan (G1) are scheduled during the beginning of 2nd half of 2022. 
• The astronaut training facility is getting established in Bengaluru and in advanced stage of completion.
• Basic Aeromedical training and flying practice completed as part of the Indian leg of training.
• The design of all systems of Gaganyaan has been completed. 
• The configuration and design of ground infrastructure have been completed and modifications needed are being implemented.

The correct answer is Iran.

Key Points

• Iran's paramilitary Revolutionary Guard launched a second satellite into space in March 2022.
• The Noor-2 satellite reached a low orbit on the Ghased satellite carrier.
• Ghased is a three-phase, mixed fuel satellite carrier. 
• The Guard launched its first Noor satellite in 2020, revealing to the world it ran its own space programme.

Important Points

• Noor 2 is orbiting at an altitude of 500 kilometres (311 miles). 
• The three-stage Qased, or "Messenger", carrier launched the Noor 2, from the Shahroud space port.
• The same type of rockets, which use a combination of liquid and solid fuels, carried the first military satellite.

Additional Information

• Iran:
  • Capital - Tehran.
  • Currency - Iranian rial.
  • President - Ebrahim Raisi.
  • National Sport - Freestyle wrestling.

The correct answer is PSLV-C52.

Key Points

• The Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) launched the Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle, PSLV-C52, carrying three satellites on 14 Feb 2022 from the Satish Dhawan Space Centre in Sriharikota.
• It was carrying EOS-04, a radar imaging satellite.
• The other two satellites include one student satellite (INSPIREsat-1) from IIST, and a technology demonstrator satellite (INS-2TD) from ISRO.

Additional Information

• ​India’s Polar rocket, Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle PSLV-C51 has successfully launched Amazonia-1 of Brazil and 18 other satellites from the spaceport.
• The Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) had launched the 51st mission of Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle PSLV C49 in 2020.
  • ISRO Chairman: Shri S. Somanath (as of Feb 2022).
  • ISRO Headquarters: Bengaluru, Karnataka.
  • ISRO established: 15 August 1969.
• Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) launched the country’s newest satellite named EMISAT, from PSLV C-45, from Sriharikota launch station.

The correct answer is ISRO.

• The word 'Vyommitra' is made up of two words of the Sanskrit language 'Vyom' and 'Mitra' which means space and friend respectively.
• This is the prototype of the Half-Humanoid female robot developed by ISRO.
• It was unveiled on 22 January 2020.

Additional Information 

• Vyommitra is planned to be sent on the manned space mission in December 2021 which will help the male astronauts.
• Under the "Gaganyaan" program, Vyommitra will be sent to unmanned missions at the end of this year and also next year before the astronauts left.
• The aim of its creation is that ISRO does not want to fly animals on board for its experiments like other nations do to find out how the human body reacts during long-duration in space.
• This humanoid robot will understand what weightlessness and radiation can do to a human body.

The correct answer is the Indian Institute of Science (IISc).

Important Points

• A team of engineers at the Indian Institute of Science (IISc) had developed an intensive care unit (ICU) grade ventilator under the name of ‘Project Praana’.
• Recently, the team has successfully completed the prototyping of the ventilator, which is now in the process of being commercialised.
• The affordable ventilator uses only components made in India or components which are easily available in the domestic markets.
• The team developed the ventilator in a record 35 days.

The correct answer is Russia.

Key Points

• Yuri Borisov, the newly appointed director-general of  Roscosmos announced the plan to withdraw from the International Space Station.
• International Space Station was launched in the year 1998,and it has been continuously occupied since  November 2000. Along with Russia and USA the other countries includes Canada, Japan and 11 European countries.

Additional Information

• India is planning to lauch its first manned mission called Gaganyaan . Under this mission 3 people will be carried to space and willl stay there for a week.

The correct answer is 1991.

Key Points

• PARAM 8000:
  • The PARAM 8000 was the first machine in the series and was built from scratch.
  • Vijay P. Bhatkar is best known as the architect of India's national initiative in supercomputing where he led the development of Param supercomputers.
    • He developed the first Indian supercomputer, the PARAM 8000, in 1991.
  • PARAM is a series of supercomputers designed and assembled by the Centre for Development of Advanced Computing (C-DAC).
  • PARAM means "supreme" in the Sanskrit language.
  • As of November 2020, the latest and fastest machine in the series is the PARAM Siddhi AI which ranks 63rd in the world.

Additional Information

• C-DAC:
  • C-DAC headquarters is in Pune, Maharastra. 
  • C-DAC was created in November 1987, originally as the Centre for Development of Advanced Computing Technology (C-DACT).
  • This was in response to issues purchasing supercomputers from foreign sources.
  • The Indian Government decided to try and develop indigenous computing technology.

The correct answer is Vikas.

Key Points

• ISRO successfully conducted a 25-second qualification test for its liquid propellant-based Vikas engine to be used under the Gaganyaan mission, in January 2022.
• The test was conducted at the ISRO Propulsion Complex in Mahendragri, Tamil Nadu.
• It was done to see how the engine performed in conditions that were not optimal, such as change in the fuel-oxidizer ratio or pressure in the fuel chamber.

Important Points

•  Three more tests will be conducted, totalling a duration of 75 seconds, to test the engine under varying conditions.
• Then, a long-duration test for 240 seconds will be conducted to qualify the engine for carrying humans to space.
• Two Vikas engines have already been tested for 240 seconds each under optimal operating conditions.
• This is one of the three engines that the space agency will have to qualify to finally make the entire launch vehicle human rated .