Immunity System MCQ Quiz - Objective Question with Answer for Immunity System - Download Free PDF

The Correct answer is Vitamins and minerals.

Key Points

• Vitamins and minerals play a crucial role in maintaining the body's immune system and protecting it from infections.
• They are essential for the proper functioning of various bodily processes, such as cell repair, energy production, and defense mechanisms.
• Vitamin C, also known as ascorbic acid, is particularly important for immune health as it supports the production of white blood cells that fight infections.
• Vitamin D helps regulate immune responses and is critical for preventing autoimmune diseases.
• Minerals like zinc and iron are vital for immune health. Zinc helps in the production of immune cells, while iron is essential for oxygen transport and energy production.
• Deficiency of certain vitamins and minerals can weaken the immune system, making the body more susceptible to infections.
• Sources of vitamins and minerals include fresh fruits, vegetables, dairy products, nuts, seeds, and fortified foods.

Additional Information

• Carbohydrates
  • Carbohydrates are the primary source of energy for the body and are broken down into glucose for cellular activities.
  • They are not directly involved in protecting the body from infections but provide the energy required for bodily functions, including immune responses.
  • Sources include grains, fruits, vegetables, and dairy products.
• Fats
  • Fats are essential for energy storage and cell structure but do not directly protect the body from infections.
  • They also help in the absorption of fat-soluble vitamins like A, D, E, and K, which are important for immunity.
  • Sources include oils, butter, nuts, seeds, and fatty fish.
• Proteins
  • Proteins are vital for growth, repair, and the creation of enzymes and hormones, including those involved in immune function.
  • Although they contribute to immune health, they are not the primary components that protect against infections.
  • Sources include meat, eggs, dairy, legumes, and soy products.

The Correct answer is oranges and guava.

Key Points

• Vitamin C, also known as ascorbic acid, is a water-soluble vitamin that is essential for human health.
• It is abundant in citrus fruits such as oranges and guava, as well as in other fruits like lemons, strawberries, and vegetables like bell peppers and broccoli.
• Vitamin C plays a critical role in boosting the immune system, thereby helping the body to fight diseases.
• It is necessary for the production of collagen, which is essential for the health of skin, blood vessels, and connective tissues.
• This vitamin also acts as a powerful antioxidant, protecting cells from damage caused by free radicals.
• The deficiency of Vitamin C can lead to scurvy, a condition characterized by bleeding gums, bruising, fatigue, and poor wound healing.
• Oranges and guava are excellent natural sources of Vitamin C, making them vital for maintaining good health and preventing nutritional deficiencies.

Additional Information

• Milk and eggs
  • Both milk and eggs are excellent sources of protein, calcium, and other nutrients, but they are not significant sources of Vitamin C.
  • Milk is known for its calcium content, which is essential for bone health, while eggs are rich in vitamins B12 and D.
• Fish and butter
  • Fish is a great source of omega-3 fatty acids, Vitamin D, and protein, but it does not contain significant amounts of Vitamin C.
  • Butter, being a dairy product, is rich in fats and Vitamin A, but it lacks Vitamin C.
• Rice and wheat
  • Rice and wheat are staple grains rich in carbohydrates, providing energy to the body.
  • However, they are not sources of Vitamin C and do not contribute significantly to the vitamin's nutritional intake.

The correct answer is the HIV/AIDS

Key Points

• Unfortunately, we're not going to have a vaccine by 2030, but there's a lot of funding still around HIV vaccine research.
• The excitement has dimmed a bit because of the failures, but there's still a lot of research into trying to develop a safe and effective HIV vaccine.
• Human immunodeficiency virus infection and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (HIV/AIDS) are a spectrum of conditions caused by infection with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), a retrovirus.
• Following initial infection, an individual may not notice any symptoms or may experience a brief period of influenza-like illness.
• Typically, this is followed by a prolonged incubation period with no symptoms.
• If the infection progresses, it interferes more with the immune system, increasing the risk of developing common infections such as tuberculosis, as well as other opportunistic infections, and tumors which are rare in people who have a normal immune function.
• These late symptoms of infection are referred to as acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS).
• This stage is often also associated with unintended weight loss.

Additional Information

The correct answer is Histidine.Key Points

• Histidine is a semi-essential amino acid, meaning your body can produce some, but not enough to meet its full needs. 
• It must be obtained from dietary sources to maintain optimal health.
• Histidine is a precursor to histamine, a vital neurotransmitter involved in numerous functions related to your options:
  • Immune function: Histamine plays a role in immune response by mediating inflammation and allergic reactions.
  • Digestion: Histamine stimulates stomach acid production and promotes gut motility, aiding in digestion.
  • Sleep: Histamine is a precursor to carnosine, a compound that regulates sleep-wake cycles.
  • Sexual function: Histamine contributes to sexual arousal and erection in both men and women.

Additional Information

• Valine: An essential amino acid involved in muscle growth and energy production.
• Leucine: Another essential amino acid important for muscle protein synthesis and repair.
• Arginine: A conditionally essential amino acid that plays roles in wound healing and nitric oxide production, but its involvement in digestion and sleep is less prominent compared to histidine.

The correct answer is Kwashiorkar.

Key Points

• Kwashiorkor
  • This is a form of malnutrition caused by a severe deficiency of protein in the diet.
  • It is characterized by swelling (edema), an enlarged liver, increased susceptibility to infection, and changes in hair and skin color.
  • Children are primarily affected, showing signs of retarded growth and development.
  • Prevention and treatment involve providing a diet that meets protein and caloric needs.

Additional Information

• Cushing's Disease
  • Incorrect for this context as it is a condition where there's an overproduction of cortisol by the adrenal glands, often due to a tumor on the pituitary gland.
  • Symptoms include weight gain, thinning skin, muscle weakness, and a rounded face.
  • It is related to hormone production, not directly to dietary protein deficiency.
• Gaucher's Disease
  • This is also incorrect in this context, as it is a genetic disorder resulting from the deficiency of the enzyme glucocerebrosidase.
  • This leads to the accumulation of glucocerebroside, affecting organs and tissues such as the spleen, liver, and bone marrow.
  • Symptoms can include enlargement of the liver and spleen (hepatosplenomegaly), anemia, fatigue, and bone issues.
  • It is unrelated to protein intake or nutrition.

The correct answer is Biotin.

Key Points

• Biotin, also called vitamin B7, is one of the B vitamins.
• It is involved in a wide range of metabolic processes, both in humans and in other organisms, primarily related to the utilization of fats, carbohydrates, and amino acids.
• The name biotin derives from the Greek word “bios” (to live) and the suffix “-in” (a general chemical suffix used in organic chemistry).
• Biotin deficiency can be caused by inadequate dietary intake (rare) or inheritance of one or more inborn genetic disorders that affect biotin metabolism.
• The most common among these is biotinidase deficiency.
• The low activity of this enzyme causes a failure to recycle biotin from biocytin.

Additional Information

• Chemical names of vitamins:

The correct answer is Vitamin C. 

Key Points

• Vitamin C is a water-soluble vitamin.
  • it is necessary for normal growth and development.
  • Water-soluble vitamins dissolve readily in water.
  • Leftover vitamin quantities leave the body through the urine.

Additional Information

• Vitamin C, also known as L-ascorbic acid, is a water-soluble vitamin that is naturally found in certain foods, added to others, and also available as a dietary supplement.
• The best sources of vitamin C are fruits and vegetables.
• The primary contributors to vitamin C are citrus fruits, tomato and tomato juice, and potatoes.
• Since ascorbic acid is water-soluble and is damaged by heat, the vitamin C content of food may be decreased by prolonged storage and cooking.
• Acute Vitamin C deficiency can lead to a disease called Scurvy.

Sources of Vitamin C

The correct answer is Biotin.

Key Points

• Biotin, also called Vitamin B7, is one of the B vitamins.
• It is involved in a wide range of metabolic processes, both in humans and in other organisms, primarily related to the utilization of fats, carbohydrates, and amino acids.
• The name biotin derives from the Greek word “bios” (to live) and the suffix “-in” (a general chemical suffix used in organic chemistry).
• Biotin deficiency can be caused by inadequate dietary intake (rare) or the inheritance of one or more inborn genetic disorders that affect biotin metabolism. 
• The most common among these is biotinidase deficiency.
• The low activity of this enzyme causes a failure to recycle biotin from biocytin.

Additional Information

Chemical names of vitamins:

The correct answer is a lymphocyte.
Key Points

• Immunity is the protection of oneself from the invading pathogen.
• Our body has innate and specific immunity.
• Lymphocytes are the type of leucocytes that helps in killing the pathogen.
• It is B -lymphocyte and a T -lymphocyte.
• It produces the antibody, that binds with the antigen.
• B-cell or lymphocyte develops in the bone marrow and is present in the blood plasma.
• The T-lymphocytes form in bone marrow but mature in the thymus,  thus the term T-lymphocyte.
• A lymphocyte is a cell formed by haematopoiesis in the bone marrow.
• A lymphocyte is not a protein.

Additional Information

• Protein forms by the polymerisation of amino acids.
• It consists of primary, secondary, and tertiary or quaternary structures.

Collagen:

• It is a protein that forms an internetwork connection.
• It consists of alpha-helical structures.
• It is present in the extracellular matrix and thus supports the tissues.

Elastin:

• It is a protein present in the extracellular matrix.
• It stretches up to 5 times its length.
• It provides elasticity to the body.

Silk:

• It is a protein secreted by silkworms.
• It consists of fibroin and sericin proteins.
• It is used in the making of clothes and bedsheets.

The correct answer is Colostrum.

Key Points

• Colostrum a fluid secreted by new mothers during the initial days of lactation contains nutrients that boost a baby's immune system and helps fight infection.
• Colostrum is a supplement made from a yellowish milky fluid that's released from the mothers during the initial days of lactation.
• It provides passive immunity.
• It is an antibody-rich fluid.
• It also provides several important growth hormones and other compounds such as lactoferrin for newborns.

Additional Information

• The sebum layer is an oily substance produced in the sebaceous glands.
• Synovial membranes are composed of connective tissue and surround the cavity of joints.
• A naturally occurring substance that protects, cleans and lubricated the outer auditory canal is known as 'Cerumen'.

The correct answer is Thrombokinase ​Key Points

• Thrombokinase:
  • ​The clotting of blood is a chain reaction initiated by the enzyme Thrombokinase produced by the platelets. 
  • This causes Prothrombin and calcium salts in plasma to join and produce thrombin. 
  • Thrombin combines with Fibrinogen to produce Fibrin threads which entangle the corpuscles to create a clot.
  • Vitamin K usually helps for the clotting of blood.
• Amylase:
  • ​It is a digestive enzyme secreted by the pancreas and salivary glands.
• Peptidase:
  • ​It is an enzyme that breaks down protein into amino acids.
• Lipase: 
  • ​It is an enzyme that breaks down fats, and it has an essential role in digestion.

The main function of vitamin K is in Blood clotting.

Key Points

• Vitamin K is a fat-soluble vitamin that comes in two forms.
• The main type is called phylloquinone, found in green leafy vegetables like collard greens, kale, and spinach.
• The other type, menaquinones, are found in some animal foods and fermented foods.
• Vitamin K helps to make various proteins that are needed for blood clotting and the building of bones.
• Prothrombin is a vitamin K-dependent protein directly involved with blood clotting.
• Osteocalcin is another protein that requires vitamin K to produce healthy bone tissue.
• Vitamin K is found throughout the body including the liver, brain, heart, pancreas, and bone.
• Skin Health is the main function of Vitamin C and Vitamin E.
• Vitamins like A, B, C, D, and E have been reported to boost up the immune system.
• Calcium Absorption is the main function of Vitamin D.

The correct answer is 7.4.

Key Points

• PLASMA is a Liquid portion of Blood and It contains 92 per cent water, constitutes 55 per cent of blood volume.

• Blood is a fluid connective tissue and its pH value is 7.4.

Important Points

• The quantity of blood in the human’s body is 7% of the total weight.
• There is an average of 5-6 litres of blood in the human body.
• Female contains half a litre of bloodlessness in comparison to male.
• It also fights infection and regulates temperature.
• Blood cells are produced in BONE MARROW.
• Red cells, White cells, and Platelets are made in the marrow of bones, especially the vertebrae, ribs, hips, skull, and sternum. These essential blood cells fight infection, carry oxygen, and help control bleeding.
• Blood has four components:
  • Plasma
  • Red blood cells
  • White blood cells
  • Platelets

Additional Information

• Red Blood Cells carried oxygen.
• White Blood Cells Protect against viruses in the body known as defending the Body (Fighter).
• Platelets are responsible for clotting.
• Platelets are the cells that circulate within our blood and bind together when they recognize damaged blood vessels.
• Study of blood = HEMATOLOGY

The correct answer is Protein.

Key Points

• Collagens are available in large quantities the human body. They are found in skins, bones muscles, and tendons.
• Collagen is the main structural protein in the various connective tissues in the body. They are a primary structural component of connective tissues, such as skin and cartilage.
• Foods that are high in Collagen protein are- Chicken, fish, egg whites, citrus foods, etc.

Additional Information

• Carbohydrate
  • It is a biomolecule consisting of Carbon, Hydrogen and Oxygen atoms. Carbohydrates are found in a wide array of foods-bread, beans, milk, popcorn, potatoes, cookies.
• Fat
  • It usually means any ester of fatty acids. The following food are good sources of fat - avocados, tofu, nuts, seeds, fish, peanut butter, boiled and eggs.
• Vitamin
  • Vitamin means 'vital for life'. It is an organic non-protein substance.
  • Vitamins are compounds necessary for the healthy functioning of our bodies.
  • We need vitamins to help us grow, to see correctly, as well as to help us battle infections.
  • It is required by an organism for normal metabolic function but cannot be synthesized in sufficient quantity by that organism.
  • They are also required in small quantities to prevent deficiency diseases.

The correct answer is Tomato.

• Tomato is primarily a source of Vitamin C.

Key Points

• Vitamin C is a water-soluble vitamin that’s found in many foods, particularly fruits and vegetables.
• It’s well known for being a potent antioxidant, as well as having positive effects on skin health and immune function.
• It’s also vital for collagen synthesis, connective tissue, bones, teeth, and small blood vessels.
• The human body cannot produce or store vitamin C.
• Therefore, it’s essential to consume it regularly in sufficient amounts.
• The current daily value (DV) for vitamin C is 90 mg.
• Deficiency symptoms include bleeding gums, frequent bruising and infections, poor wound healing, anemia, and scurvy.

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Additional Information