Human Body MCQ Quiz - Objective Question with Answer for Human Body - Download Free PDF

The correct answer is Bacteria.

Key Points

• Anthrax is caused by the bacterium Bacillus anthracis, a rod-shaped, gram-positive microorganism.
• Bacillus anthracis forms resilient spores that can survive in harsh environmental conditions for decades.
• Anthrax primarily affects herbivorous animals but can also infect humans through contact with infected animals, contaminated materials, or inhalation of spores.
• The disease manifests in three main forms: cutaneous anthrax, inhalation anthrax, and gastrointestinal anthrax.
• Anthrax is classified as a zoonotic disease, meaning it can be transmitted between animals and humans.

Additional Information

• Anthrax Spores:
  • Spores are the dormant form of Bacillus anthracis and are highly resistant to heat, chemicals, and radiation.
  • Spores can remain viable in soil for decades, posing a long-term risk in contaminated areas.
• Transmission of Anthrax:
  • Anthrax can be transmitted through direct contact with infected animals, inhalation of spores, or ingestion of contaminated meat.
  • Occupational exposure is common among workers handling animal products (e.g., wool, hides, or meat).
• Prevention and Treatment:
  • Vaccination of animals and humans is effective in preventing anthrax outbreaks.
  • Early treatment with antibiotics such as ciprofloxacin, doxycycline, or penicillin can successfully treat anthrax infections.
• Bioterrorism Potential:
  • Bacillus anthracis spores have been used as a biological weapon due to their durability and ease of dispersal.
  • The 2001 anthrax attacks in the United States highlighted the bioterrorism threat posed by anthrax.

Concept: 

• Genetic disorders are diseases that are caused by an abnormality in the DNA.
• Abnormalities can range from a small mutation in a single gene.
• To the addition or subtraction of an entire chromosome or set of chromosomes.
• They may or may not be inherited from their parents.

Explanation:

Haemophilia:

• Haemophilia is a frequently inherited genetic disorder.
• It impairs the body's ability to form blood clots, a process required to stop bleeding.
• This results in people bleeding longer after an injury, easy bruising, and an increased risk of bleeding inside joints or the brain.
• The gene for haemophilia is carried on the X chromosome.
• It is inherited in an X-linked recessive manner. 
• That means if a son inherits an X chromosome carrying haemophilia from his mother, he will have haemophilia.
• It also means that fathers cannot pass haemophilia on to their sons.
• 17th April is known as World Haemophilia Day.

​Thus, Haemophilia is a hereditary disease.

Additional Information

• Cataracts are caused by diseases or medications which are linked with the development of cataracts including glaucoma and diabetes.
• The deficiency of vitamin B-3 can cause a disease called pellagra.
• Osteoporosis happens when there is an imbalance between new bone formation and old bone resorption.

The correct answer is - Both I and II are true

Key Points

• Anaemia and its impact on children's physical health:
  • Children with anaemia often experience stunted growth due to reduced oxygen-carrying capacity in the blood.
  • Low haemoglobin levels result in low energy levels, making children fatigued and less active.
• Anaemia and its impact on children's mental health:
  • Anaemia can lead to poor cognitive development, affecting learning and memory in children.
  • Studies show that chronic anaemia is linked to lower academic performance and attention deficits.
• Both statements are true:
  • Statement I highlights the physical effects of anaemia in children, such as stunted growth and low energy levels.
  • Statement II emphasizes the mental health effects, including cognitive impairments and psychological challenges.

Additional Information

• Causes of anaemia in children:
  • Iron deficiency: The most common cause, often due to insufficient dietary intake of iron-rich foods.
  • Vitamin deficiencies: Lack of vitamins like B12 and folate can contribute to anaemia.
  • Chronic diseases: Conditions such as infections or inflammation can lead to anaemia.
• Symptoms of anaemia:
  • Pale skin and nails: A common visible sign of low haemoglobin levels.
  • Fatigue and weakness: Reduced oxygen delivery to tissues causes tiredness.
  • Shortness of breath: Anaemia can make physical exertion difficult.
• Preventive measures:
  • Balanced diet: Include iron-rich foods such as leafy greens, beans, and fortified cereals.
  • Supplementation: Iron supplements may be prescribed in cases of severe deficiency.
  • Regular health check-ups: Early diagnosis and treatment can prevent complications.

The correct answer is 'Year of identification of virus and the diseases related to virus.'

Key Points

• Year of identification of virus and the diseases related to virus:
  • The '19' in 'Covid-19' stands for the year 2019, when the novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) and the associated disease (COVID-19) were first identified.
  • The World Health Organization (WHO) officially named the disease COVID-19 on February 11, 2020.
  • The virus and disease were first reported in Wuhan, China, in December 2019.

Additional Information

• Variant of coronavirus:
  • This option is incorrect because '19' does not refer to a specific variant of the coronavirus.
  • Variants of the coronavirus are typically named using a different system, such as the Greek alphabet (e.g., Alpha, Delta).
• No. of symptoms of corona viral diseases:
  • This option is incorrect because '19' is not related to the number of symptoms.
  • COVID-19 symptoms can vary widely and are not limited to a specific number.
• No. of viral pandemics:
  • This option is incorrect because '19' does not indicate the number of viral pandemics.
  • There have been multiple viral pandemics in history, but '19' specifically refers to the year 2019.

The correct answer is 'Goitre'

Key Points

• Goitre:
  • Goitre is an abnormal enlargement of the thyroid gland.
  • It is commonly caused by iodine deficiency in the diet.
  • Iodized salt, which contains iodine, helps prevent goitre by ensuring sufficient iodine intake.
  • Iodine is essential for the production of thyroid hormones, which regulate various metabolic processes in the body.

Additional Information

• Beri - Beri:
  • Beri - Beri is caused by a deficiency of vitamin B1 (thiamine).
  • It affects the nervous system and cardiovascular system, leading to symptoms like weakness, pain in the limbs, and irregular heartbeats.
  • Iodized salt does not prevent Beri - Beri.
• Rickets:
  • Rickets is caused by a deficiency of vitamin D, calcium, or phosphate.
  • It leads to softening and weakening of the bones, especially in children.
  • Iodized salt does not prevent Rickets.
• Scurvy:
  • Scurvy is caused by a deficiency of vitamin C (ascorbic acid).
  • It leads to symptoms like anemia, gum disease, and skin problems.
  • Iodized salt does not prevent Scurvy.

Digestion:

• It is the breakdown of large insoluble food molecules into small water-soluble food molecules so that they can be absorbed into the watery blood plasma.
• Digestion begins in the mouth with chewing and ends in the small intestine.

Key Points

Functions of various organs associated with digestion:

Stomach:

• It holds food while it is being mixed with enzymes that continue the process of breaking down food into a usable form. 
• It also secretes acids and enzymes that digest food. 

Small Intestine:

• Here 90% of the digestion and absorption of food occurs, the other 10% takes place in the stomach and large intestine.
• The main function of the wall of the small intestine is the absorption of nutrients and minerals from food.
• The small intestine is the "workhorse" of digestion.

Large intestine:

• Absorbing water and electrolytes, producing and absorbing vitamins are three main functions of the large intestine.

Liver:

• The main function of the liver is within the digestive system is to process the nutrients absorbed from the small intestine. 

Thus, it becomes clear that the useful substances from digested food are absorbed by the wall of the small intestine.

Explanation:

About Minamata disease:

• Minamata disease is sometimes referred to as Chisso-Minamata disease.
• The disease Minamata was first discovered in 1956 in Japan.
• It is a neurological syndrome caused by severe mercury poisoning.
• It is methylmercury (MeHg) poisoning that occurred in humans who ingested fish and shellfish contaminated by MeHg discharged in wastewater.
• Symptoms include ataxia, numbness in the hands and feet, general muscle weakness, narrowing of the field of vision, and damage to hearing and speech. 

Thus, Minamata disease is related to Hg pollution.

Brief details about the diseases caused by environmental degradation:

Concept :

• The skeletal system functions as the main framework of the body.
• It is the combination of all the bones and tissues associated with cartilages and joints.
• Joints play an important role in the skeletal system as it allows different types of movement at different locations.
• If the skeleton is without joints, then there would be no movement in the human body.
• The skeletal system is divided into axial and appendicular systems.
• An adult body consists of 206 bones 

Axial skeleton :

• It runs along the body's central axis and composed of 80 bones and consists of
•  Skullbone, Thoracic cage, and Vertebral column

Appendicular skeleton :

• The appendicular skeleton is composed of 126 bones and consists of :
• Pelvic girdle, Upper limbs, Lower limbs, Pectoral girdle

                    Fig: Human skeletal system

Explanation :

• A joint is a connection that occurs between the bones in the skeletal system.
• The joints provide the means for movement.
• The joints help us to rotate our shoulders, bend our knees and elbows, and move our neck.

Ball and socket joint :

• This type of joint helps in rotatory movement.
• One bone is hooked into the hollow space of another bone.
• Examples: shoulders

    Pivotal joints :

• This type of joint in sideways and back forth movement.
• One bone has tapped into the other in such a way that full rotation is not possible.
• Example: Pivotal joint in the neck

Hinge joints :

• Hinge joints are like hinges in the door, where only back and forth movement is possible.
• Examples are ankle, elbows, and knee joints.

Fixed joints : 

• In this type of joint bones are fused together in such a way that they are anchored to the component, mostly to form a fixed structure. Examples are the skull and upper jaw.

So, the correct answer is option(1)

Additional InformationGliding joint :

• This joint allows two or more round or flat bones to freely move or slide together without rubbing.
• Examples are the wrist, palm, ankle, and sole

Saddle joint :

• This type of joint does not allow rotation, it does not allow for back and forth movement as well as side to side movement.
• Examples: Thumb

The correct answer is Virus.

Key Points

Virus:

• A virus is a submicroscopic infectious agent that replicates only inside the living cells of an organism.
• Viruses can infect all types of life forms, from animals and plants to microorganisms, including bacteria.
• The virus was discovered by Dmitri Ivanovsky in 1892.

Protozoa:

• It is an informal term for single-celled eukaryotes, either free-living or parasitic, which feed on organic matter such as other microorganisms or organic tissues and debris.

Bacteria:

• It is a type of biological cell, which constitutes a large domain of prokaryotic microorganisms.
• Bacteria are microscopic living organisms, usually one-celled, that can be found everywhere.
• Bacteria was discovered by Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek.

Nematode:

• They are multicellular insects with smooth, unsegmented bodies.
• They feed on plants that are so tiny that you need a microscope to see them.
• Nematode also called Roundworms.

Important Points

Concept :

Disease: 

• A disease is a condition that negatively affects the normal functioning of the cells, tissues, and organs. 
• It can be caused by germs, lack of a healthy diet, or may even be genetic.

Deficiency disease: 

A disease that is caused by the lack of essential nutrients or dietary elements such as vitamins and minerals in the human body.

Anaemia:

• Anaemia is a condition where the level of haemoglobin in an individual drops down to less than the 5th percentile of the age. The individual in this case lacks healthy red blood cells to carry out the adequate oxygen in our body. 

• Anaemia disease is a result of a deficiency of Iron.
• In the blood of the patient suffering from anaemia, the haemoglobin level goes down to a below-average level.
• The anaemic patient always feels weak and tired.

Explanation:

• The clinic pathology report is a medical report that consists of certain analysis done in the lab about the body organ, blood, or tissue stability report. The specimen is analyzed by a specialist who performs the procedure (medical provider) and writes a report for the same (pathologist). 
• Normal haemoglobin concentration of male children (11-18 years old) is  12.7 - 17.7g/dL and in females its 12 - 15 g/dL.​

Key Points

We know that,

• Male child (11-18 years old) - 12.7 - 17.7g/dL.
• Female child (11-18 years old) - 12 - 15 g/dL. ​

So, it can be observed from the above data that both Aarti and Naman are below the normal haemoglobin level and thus they both are anaemic.

Concept:

CNS (central neural system):

• The brain is the body's central information processing organ, and acts as the ‘command and control system’.
•  It controls voluntary movements, the balance of the body, and the functioning of vital involuntary organs.

Explanation:

Reflex action:

• The entire process of response to peripheral nerve stimulation occurs involuntarily.
• Without conscious effort or thought and requires the involvement of a part of the central nervous system is called a reflex action.
• The reflex pathway comprises at least one afferent neuron (receptor) and one efferent neuron appropriately arranged in a series.
• The afferent neuron receives signals from a sensory organ and transmits the impulse via a dorsal nerve root into the CNS.
• The efferent neuron then carries signals from CNS to the effector.

Thus, the nerve cells are the control centre of reflex action.

Additional InformationCerebrum:

• The cerebrum forms the major part of the human brain.
• A deep cleft divides the cerebrum longitudinally into two halves, which are termed the left and right cerebral hemispheres.

Cerebellum:

• It is a part of the hindbrain.
• Cerebellum has a very convoluted surface in order to provide additional space for many more neurons.

Vertebral cord:

• The vertebral column is formed by 26 serially arranged units called vertebrae and is dorsally placed.
• The vertebral column protects the spinal cord, supports the head and serves as the point of attachment for the ribs and musculature of the back.

Narcotics Drugs

• A drug is a substance that affects feelings, thinking, or behaviour, initially due to chemical reactions in the brain.
• Alcohol is also a drug in that sense.
• Drugs are consumed by eating, smoking, inhaling, sniffing, drinking, or by injections.
• Excluding alcohol, drugs can be classified as follow:
  • Stimulants: Drugs that increase the activity of the brain.
  • Depressants: Drugs that slow down the activity of the brain.
  • Hallucinogens: Drugs that change the way we see, hear and feel.
  • Cannabis: Drugs like Ganja, Hashish, and Bhang produced from the hemp plant.
  • Opiates or drugs obtained from opium or artificially produced substitutes that have opium-like effects.

Important Points

About Ascorbic Acid:

• Ascorbic Acid is commonly used to control the addiction to narcotic drugs as it is rich in vitamin C.
• Ascorbic acid, also known as Vitamin C, is an important water-soluble biological antioxidant and free radical scavenger.
• Vitamin C is required for the growth and repair of tissues in all parts of the body.
• It is necessary to form collagen, an important protein used to make skin, scar tissue, tendons, ligaments, and blood vessels, etc.
• Unlike most other mammals, humans cannot synthesize ascorbic acid and thus this vitamin must be ingested daily.

Hence, we can conclude that Ascorbic Acid is the name of medicine commonly used to control the addiction to narcotic drugs.

Additional Information

Folic Acid:

• It is a water-soluble vitamin.
• Also known as Vitamin B9.
• Deficiency of folic acid results in Megaloblast and deficiency during pregnancy are associated with birth defects, such as neural defects.
• It is found in leafy vegetables, pasta, bread, cereal, liver.

Cocaine:

• Cocaine is a drug that is snorted, inhaled as smoke, or dissolved and injected into a vein. 

Pethidine:

• It is considered a narcotic drugs.
• Though some of them are used as medicine for different disease sometimes.
• Like pethidine is used as a painkiller.
• Pethidine is a type of opioid analgesic. 
• It can be considered as a form of a narcotic drug if not taken in controlled quantity.

• According to REET Answer Key, the correct answer to the question is Pethidine.
• Many times the answer to the question can be confusing and the answer key provided in exams can be wrong.
• But our aim is to provide you with the correct answer and explanation.
• The correct answer to the question is Ascorbic Acid.

Explanation:

• Human ribs are flat bones that form part of the rib cage to help protect internal organs.
• Humans usually have 24 ribs, in 12 pairs.
• The first seven pairs are attached directly to the sternum by costal cartilages and are called true ribs.
• The 8th, 9th, and 10th pairs are called false ribs, they do not join the sternum directly but are connected to the 7th rib by cartilage.
• Human ribs are flat bones that form part of the rib cage to help protect internal organs.
• Humans usually have 24 ribs, in 12 pairs.
• Only 1 in 500 people have an extra rib known as a Cervical rib. 
• At the front of the body, most of the ribs are joined by costal cartilage to the sternum.
• Ribs connect to vertebrae at the costovertebral joints.

Thus, 12 pairs of ribs are there in the human body.

Additional Information

Axial skeletal system:

• There is a total of 80 bones in it.
• It is divided into 3 parts.

Head:

• There is a total of 29 bones in the head, of which there are 22 bones in the skull.
• 8 bone preserves the brain which is called cranium and 14 bone is called face bone.
• The neck bone has a bone called the hyoid.
• There is 6 bone by mixing both ears.
• Stapes, the smallest bone of the human body, is found in the ear.

Vertebral Column:

• There are 26 bones in adults and 33 in children.
• Its function provides flexibility to the neck and neck and keeps the head straight.

Chest bone:

• It consists of 25 bones.
• The number of ribs in it is 24, ie 12 pairs.
• The bone connecting these ribs is called the sternum bone, which is numbered 1.
• Most ribs occur in the sneak where there are about 200 - 400.

Concept:

Joints:

• Joints are points of contact between bones, or between bones and cartilages. 
• Examples: elbow, shoulder, or neck.

Explanation:

Pivot joint:

• The joint where our neck joins the head is a pivotal joint.
• It allows us to bend our heads forward and backward and turn our heads to our right or left.
• In a pivotal joint, a cylindrical bone rotates in a ring.

Thus, the 'Neck joint' is an example of a pivot joint.

Additional InformationHinge joint:

• The elbow has a hinge joint that allows only a back and forth movement.
• Examples: elbow, knee.

Gliding joint:

• Gliding joint present between the carpals.
• These joints are characterised by the presence of a fluid-filled.
• Examples: wrist joint.

Ball and socket joint:

• The ball-and-socket joint is also known as the spheroidal joint.
• It is a type of joint found in vertebrates.
• It allows for the most range of motion of any joint type by allowing the rounded surface of one bone to move inside the depression on another bone.
• Examples: knee, elbow, etc.

​

Concept:

• A vector is an organism that can spread disease from an infected person to an uninfected person i.e an individual without having the disease.
• The illness caused by vectors is known as vector-borne disease.
• Mosquitoes, ticks, and fleas are examples of vectors that carry the causative microbe for various diseases.
• Climate and weather have an effect on the reproduction rates of vectors.
• They are capable of transmitting infectious diseases between humans and animals.
• Many of these vectors are bloodsucking insects that eat disease-causing microorganisms during a blood meal from an infected host (human or animal) and then transfer the pathogen to a new host once it has reproduced. 

Explanation:

About Malaria:

• Malaria spreads only by the disease-carrying mosquitoes.
• The vector of malaria is the female anopheles mosquito.
• Malaria spreads only when a female mosquito that has bitten a malaria patient bites another person.
• A blood test is done to check if a person has malaria or not.
• People with malaria get a fever with chills, sweating, headache, nausea and rigours.
• Malaria is caused by protozoan Plasmodium.
• In early times, the dried and powdered bark of the Cinchona tree was used to make medicine for malaria.
• Earlier people used to boil the bark powder and strain the water which was given to patients.
• Now tablets are made from this in the form of quinine, chloroquine is given to patients.

Thus, Malaria is a vector-borne disease

Important Points

Kwashiorkor:

• Kwashiorkor is a disease caused due to a deficiency of protein.
• Also known as protein malnutrition.
• ​It is seen in infants under the age of 5 years.
• Symptoms:
  • Pot Belly.
  • Loss of muscle mass.
  • Long-lasting infections.
  • Hair fall and loss of hair colour.
  • Stunt height, and underweight.
  • Anaemia.

Additional Information