Heterogeneous Equilibrium MCQ Quiz - Objective Question with Answer for Heterogeneous Equilibrium - Download Free PDF

The correct answer is Suspension.

Key Points

• All solutions will be considered homogeneous because the dissolved material is present in equal amounts throughout the solution.
  • A characteristic of mixtures is that they can be separated into their components.
• A suspension is a heterogeneous mixture in which solid particles settle to the bottom without settling.

Additional Information

• A homogeneous mixture is a mixture in which the composition is uniform throughout the mixture. Examples of Homogeneous mixtures are - Blood, milk, brass, steel, Vinegar, Wine, etc.
• A heterogeneous mixture has components whose proportions vary throughout the sample or is simply and mixture that is not uniform in composition.

The correct answer is Oil dissolved in water.

Key Points

• A heterogeneous mixture is one in which the components are not uniformly distributed, and different parts of the mixture have different properties.
• Oil and water do not mix uniformly; instead, they form separate layers, making it a heterogeneous mixture.
• In a heterogeneous mixture, the different components can usually be seen and separated physically.
• Other examples of heterogeneous mixtures include sand and water, and salad with different ingredients.
• Heterogeneous mixtures often have more than one phase, meaning they can have distinct regions with different properties.

Additional Information

• Homogeneous Mixtures
  • These mixtures have a uniform composition throughout.
  • Examples include sugar dissolved in water and salt dissolved in water.
  • In homogeneous mixtures, the different components cannot be easily separated by physical means.
• Solutions
  • A solution is a type of homogeneous mixture where one substance (solute) is dissolved in another substance (solvent).
  • Examples include copper sulphate dissolved in water and sugar dissolved in water.
• Suspensions
  • These are heterogeneous mixtures where solid particles are dispersed in a liquid but not dissolved.
  • Over time, the solid particles may settle out of the liquid if left undisturbed.
  • Examples include sand in water and flour in water.

The correct answer is Soil.

Key Points

• A heterogeneous mixture is a mixture in which the composition is not uniform throughout the mixture.
• Examples of Heterogeneous mixture are -  sand, oil, and water, etc.
• In all the above examples, the soil is the heterogeneous mixture, as it contains several things mixed in a random ratio.
• All soil is made up of inorganic mineral particles, organic matter (including living things), air, and water.
• But all these qualities vary in uneven ratio every time.

Additional Information

• A homogeneous mixture is a mixture in which the composition is uniform throughout the mixture. 
• Examples of Homogeneous mixture are - Blood, milk, brass, steel, Vinegar, Wine, etc.

The correct answer is NaCl, CaCl2 and MgSO4.

Key Points

• 1-1 electrolytes: NaCl (Sodium Chloride) dissociates into one Na⁺ and one Cl^- ion in solution.
• 2-1 electrolytes: CaCl2 (Calcium Chloride) dissociates into one Ca²⁺ ion and two Cl^- ions in solution.
• 2-2 electrolytes: MgSO4 (Magnesium Sulfate) dissociates into one Mg²⁺ ion and one SO4^2- ion in solution.
• Electrolytes are substances that produce ions when dissolved in water and conduct electricity.

Additional Information

• Electrolyte Classification: Electrolytes are classified based on the number of ions they produce in solution. For instance, 1-1 electrolytes produce two ions, 2-1 electrolytes produce three ions, and 2-2 electrolytes produce four ions.
• Conductivity: The ability of an electrolyte solution to conduct electricity depends on the concentration of ions. Higher ion concentration generally means higher conductivity.
• Dissociation: The process by which an electrolyte dissolves in water and separates into ions is called dissociation.
• Importance: Electrolytes are crucial for various physiological functions, including nerve transmission and muscle contraction, due to their ability to conduct electrical impulses.
• Examples: Other examples of common electrolytes include KCl (Potassium Chloride), Na2SO4 (Sodium Sulfate), and BaCl2 (Barium Chloride).

The correct answer is Option 1.

Key Points

• The conductivity of electrolytic solutions primarily depends on the nature of the electrolyte added, not on the nature of the solute and its viscosity.
• Electrolyte concentration affects the number of ions in the solution, which in turn influences conductivity.
• The size of the ions produced and their solvation significantly impact the mobility of ions, thus affecting conductivity.
• Viscosity influences the movement of ions but is not directly related to the nature of the solute.

Additional Information

• Electrolytic Conductivity:
  • Electrolytic conductivity is a measure of a solution's ability to conduct electricity.
  • It is influenced by the presence and concentration of ions in the solution.
  • Conductivity increases with the number of ions present.
• Ion Mobility:
  • Ion mobility refers to the speed at which ions move through a solution under the influence of an electric field.
  • Higher ion mobility leads to higher conductivity.
• Solvation:
  • Solvation is the process of surrounding solute particles with solvent molecules.
  • It affects ion size and mobility, thus impacting the conductivity.
• Viscosity:
  • Viscosity is a measure of a fluid's resistance to flow.
  • Higher viscosity can slow down ion movement, affecting conductivity.
  • However, it is the nature of the electrolyte that directly influences conductivity, not just viscosity.

The correct answer is Sulfuric acid.

Key Points

• The acid used in a car battery is Sulfuric acid.
• Battery acid is sulfuric acid that has been diluted with water to attain a 37% concentration level.
• Car or automotive battery acid is 30-50% sulfuric acid (H2SO4) in water.

Important Points 

• A lead-acid battery consists of two lead plates separated by a liquid or gel containing sulfuric acid in water.
• The working of the lead-acid battery involves the formation of lead sulphate by oxidation of lead at the anode and reduction of lead dioxide at the cathode.
• During battery charge, the lead sulphate is converted back to lead and lead dioxide, releasing sulphuric acid into the electrolyte.
• As sulphuric acid is consumed during the discharge process and released during the charging process. 
• The specific gravity of the electrolyte changes during battery use and charge.

Additional Information

• HCl use as cleaners such as toilet bowl cleaners, bathroom tile cleaners and other porcelain cleaners.
• HNO3 used in woodworking, rocket propulsion, metal finishing, and sanitizing.
• H2CO3 (Carbonic acid) is widely used in making bubbly, fizzy drinks

The correct answer is Soil.

Key Points

• A heterogeneous mixture is a mixture in which the composition is not uniform throughout the mixture.
• Examples of Heterogeneous mixture are -  sand, oil, and water, etc.
• In all the above examples, the soil is the heterogeneous mixture, as it contains several things mixed in a random ratio.
• All soil is made up of inorganic mineral particles, organic matter (including living things), air, and water.
• But all these qualities vary in uneven ratio every time.

Additional Information

• A homogeneous mixture is a mixture in which the composition is uniform throughout the mixture. 
• Examples of Homogeneous mixture are - Blood, milk, brass, steel, Vinegar, Wine, etc.

The correct answer is Hydrochloric acid.

Key Points

• Muriatic acid is another name of the Hydrochloric acid compound used in the production of chlorides, fertilizers, and dyes, in electroplating, and in the photographic, textile, and rubber industries.
• Muriatic acid is another name for hydrochloric acid (HCI), which is an inorganic compound that is strongly acidic in nature.
• It has a wide range of applications - food additive, gelatin production, leather processing, industrial synthesis of PVC and vinyl chloride, descaling agent, dissolving rocks in oil production, steel pickling, etc.
• Hydrochloric acid is used for removing oxide film from steel objects (before they are galvanized) and for removing 'scale' deposits from inside the boilers.
• It is also used in dyestuffs, textile, food, and leather industries.

Additional Information

• Perchloric acid:
  • It is prepared by the action of concentrated sulphuric acid on Potassium Perchlorate.
  • The chemical formula of perchloric acid is HCIO4. It is a mineral acid and is considered stronger than sulfuric acid and nitric acid.
  • The chemical reaction is as follows:
    • KCIO₄ + H₂SO₄→ HCIO₄ + KHSO₄
• Sulphuric acid (H₂SO₄) -
  • Sulfuric acid is an inorganic acid.
  • It is also known as "Mattling acid" or "Oil of vitriol".
  • The "Contact Method" is used to produce it on a large scale.
• Nitric Acid:
  • It is a strong acid with the chemical formula HNO₃.
  • It is also known as the spirit of niter and aqua fortis.
  • In its pure form, it is colourless but as it gets older it turns into a yellow cast.
  • This colour appears due to the decomposition of Nitric acid to oxides of nitrogen and water.
  • It is highly corrosive and toxic.
  • It causes severe skin burns.
  • It can be manufactured by the catalytic oxidation of ammonia.
  • It is a common reagent used in laboratories and an important chemical used in industries to manufacture explosives and fertilizers.
  • The PH of Nitric acid is approximately 3.01.
  • Nitric acid molecules contain 3 oxygen atoms, 1 nitrogen atom, and 1 hydrogen atom.

Chemical Equilibrium: Consider a general case of a reversible reaction

A + B ⇔ C + D

• With respect of time, the rate of forward reaction decreased, and the rate of backward reaction increased.
• With an instant of time, a stage is reached at which the rate of forward and reverse reaction become equal and the concentration of reactant and product becomes constant.
• The equilibrium is dynamic in 

The correct answer is Triple-point.

Key Points

• The triple point of a substance is the unique set of conditions where the three phases of matter (solid, liquid, and gas) can coexist in thermodynamic equilibrium.
• At the triple point, the substance can transition between the solid, liquid, and gaseous states without any change in temperature or pressure.
• The triple point is a fundamental concept in thermodynamics and is critical for the calibration of thermometers.
• Water's triple point occurs at a temperature of 0.01°C (273.16 K) and a pressure of 611.657 pascals (0.00604 atm).

Additional Information

• Allotropic
  • Allotropy refers to the existence of an element in more than one form in the same physical state.
  • Different forms are known as allotropes, which have different physical and chemical properties.
  • Common examples include carbon, which exists as diamond, graphite, and graphene.
• Tri-state
  • Tri-state is a term often used in electronics to describe a circuit that can exist in three different states: high, low, and high-impedance (effectively disconnected).
  • It's not related to the phases of matter or thermodynamics.
• Amphibious
  • The term amphibious refers to organisms or vehicles that can operate both on land and in water.
  • It is not related to the concept of phases of matter or thermodynamics.

Concept: 

pH of a solution:

• The pH level is a measure of the number of Hydrogen ions in a solution.
• The lower the solution or compound on the pH scale, the higher will be the concentration of hydrogen ions.
• The pH is used to measure the acidity or alkalinity of a solution.
• The range of pH scale 0 to 14.
  • If pH < 7 then solution is acidic.
  • If pH > 7 then solution is basic.
  • If pH = 7 then solution is neutral.

• The pH is given by

\(pH=-log[H^+]\)

\(pH+pOH=14\)

\(pOH=-log[OH^-]\)

Calculation:

Given:

pH of the solution = 13.

​Hence, pOH = 14 -13 = 1.

• We know, pOH = - log[OH] where, [OH] = conc of OH^- ions in moles/litre or molarity.

Thus,

1 = - log[OH]

or. [OH] = 10^-1 moles/litre.

Hence, 1000 ml contains = 10^-1 mole.

So, 1ml will contain = 10^-4 moles.

• The number of particles in 1 mole = 6.02 × 10²³, so the number of particles in 10^-4 moles will be 

 6.02 × 1023 × 10-4 = 6.02 × 1019.

Hence, the number of (OH-) in 1 ml solution of pH = 13 is 6.02 × 1019.

Additional Information

Mole Concept -

•  The quantity one mole of a substance signifies 6.022 × 1023 number of particles of that substance which may be atoms, molecules, or ions.
• The quantity is a universal constant like Dozen, Gross, etc., and is known as Avogadro number, denoted by NA. after the scientist Amedeo Avogadro.
• Examples- In one mole of H2, there are 6.022 × 1023 molecules of hydrogen, and the number of atoms is 2 × 6.022 × 1023, as one molecule of hydrogen contains two-atom each.
• The mass of one mole of a substance is called its Molar Mass (M) or Atomic mass expressed in grams.
• The volume occupied by a mole of gas is 22.4 L at NTP, called its Molar Volume.
• The no. of moles (n) is calculated as =

Number of particles / Avogadro’s number.

To summarise, we can say, 

Concept:

Rate of a Reaction:

• The rate of a reaction is the velocity of a reaction.
• It is the amount of chemical change occurring with time.
• As the reaction continues, the amount or concentration of reactants decreases, and the concentration of products increases.

Thus it can be regarded as the rate of decrease of reactants or the rate of increase of products.

Rate Law:

• Rate law states that the rate of a reaction is proportional to the concentration of the reactants raised to the power of the order of the reaction.

In mathematical terms, we can say that

Rate = - dc/dt ; the rate of decrease of reactants

Rate = - dx/dt; the rate of increase of reactants

→ Rate = k [C]; 

where 'k' = rate constant and 'n' = order of a reaction.

Calculation:
Given:

• The reaction is 2NO + Br2 → 2NOBr.
• The steps of the reaction are:

\(\rm NO \ + \ Br_2 \ \xrightarrow{Fast} \ NOBr_2\)  -- (I)

\(\rm NOBr_2 \ + \ NO \ \xrightarrow{Slow} \ 2NOBr\) --- (II)

The rate-determining step is \(\rm NOBr_2 \ + \ NO \ \xrightarrow{Slow} \ 2NOBr\) the because it is the slowest step.

According to rate law, the rate = k [NOBr₂][NO] - (a)

But the NOBr₂ is an intermediate and thus its concentration should be replaced.

For Reaction (I)

→ We know Equilibrium Constant K_c is 

→ \(K_c = \frac{[NoBr_2]}{[NO][Br_2]}\)  → [NOBr₂] = K_c × [NO] × [Br₂] --- (b)

Substituting (b) in Equation (a) we get 

Rate = k × Kc × [NO] × [Br2] × [NO]

∴ Rate = k' × [NO]² × [Br2]

Hence, for the reaction 2NO + Br2 → 2NOBr, the rate law is k [Br2][NO]².

Additional Information The rate-determining step of a reaction:

• There are multiple steps involved in a reaction involving intermediates.
• Each and every step has a different rate and it affects the overall rate of the reaction.
• Faster steps have a low effect on the reaction rate but when a step rate is slow, it slows down the whole reaction.
• Hence, the slowest step of the reaction becomes the rate-determining step.
• This is also known as the Bottleneck principle, as the rate of flow of water through the bottle depends on the size of the neck of the bottle.

The correct answer is potassium, nitrate, powdered charcoal, and sulfur.

Key Points 

• Concept:
  • An explosive is a substance that stores an enormous amount of energy and releases it upon activation.
  • The composition of a substance gives information about the nature of its constituents.
• Explanation
  • Gun Powder is also known as a black powder.
  • Gun powder is an example of a heterogeneous mixture
  • The standard composition of Gun powder is 75% potassium nitrate, 15% powdered charcoal or carbon, and 10% sulfur.
  • The formula is well accepted and has been known for ages as the one which will produce a powerful black powder.
  • Sulfur and charcoal act as fuels while potassium nitrate is an oxidizer.​

Additional Information

Concept:

Salt hydrolysis:

• When salts are treated with water, they give an acid and a base. This is called hydrolysis.
• Salts are generally strong electrolytes and thus are almost completely ionised in water.
• The acid and bases produced after hydrolysis can be classified as strong or weak depending on their nature.
• The pH of the resulting solution will depend on the strength of the acids and bases produced.
• This process is the reverse of neutralization reaction where an acid and a base are reacted to produce salt and water.

Explanation:

• Hydrolysis of sodium chloride yields sodium hydroxide and hydrochloric acid.
  • As both are strong, the resulting solution will be neutral.

​NaCl + H₂O→ NaOH (strong base) + HCl (strong acid)

• Hydrolysis of sodium acetate gives sodium hydroxide and acetic acid.
  • Acetic acid is a weak acid whereas sodium hydroxide is a strong base.
  • The strength of the base overpowers the strength of the acid and thus the resulting solution is basic in nature.

CH₃COONa + H₂O → ​CH3COOH (weak acid) + NaOH (strong base)

• Ammonium nitrate on hydrolysis produces ammonium hydroxide and nitric acid.

NH₄NO₃ + H2O → HNO₃  (strong acid) + NH₄OH (weak base)

• Ammonium hydroxide is a weak base whereas nitric acid is a strong acid.
• The acid overpowers the base and thus the resulting solution becomes acidic in nature.
• Potassium sulfate on hydrolysis yields potassium hydroxide and sulphuric acid.
  • As both are strong, the solution is neutral in nature.

Hence, the aqueous solution of sodium acetate will be basic in nature.

The correct answer is Suspension.

Key Points

• All solutions will be considered homogeneous because the dissolved material is present in equal amounts throughout the solution.
  • A characteristic of mixtures is that they can be separated into their components.
• A suspension is a heterogeneous mixture in which solid particles settle to the bottom without settling.

Additional Information

• A homogeneous mixture is a mixture in which the composition is uniform throughout the mixture. Examples of Homogeneous mixtures are - Blood, milk, brass, steel, Vinegar, Wine, etc.
• A heterogeneous mixture has components whose proportions vary throughout the sample or is simply and mixture that is not uniform in composition.