Health Education MCQ Quiz - Objective Question with Answer for Health Education - Download Free PDF

The correct answer is Option A) Condition.

Key Points

• Explanation of Analogy:
  • The analogy follows a logical relationship: Hypothesis : Condition :: Prognosis : Outcome.
  • A Hypothesis is made about a Condition just as a Prognosis is made about an Outcome.
  • Both pairs show a cause-and-effect relationship, where one leads to the prediction of the other.

Additional Information

• Word Meanings:
  • Hypothesis: A proposed explanation made on the basis of limited evidence as a starting point for further investigation.
  • Condition: A state of affairs or situation, often related to health or circumstances affecting an event.
  • Prognosis: A prediction of the likely outcome of a situation, especially in medical contexts.
• Contextual Relationship:
  • A hypothesis is often made to explain a condition or phenomenon that is being studied or observed.
  • Similarly, a prognosis is made to predict the future course or outcome of a condition.

Clarification on Other Options

• Option 2) Treatment:
  • Incorrect: Treatment is a response to a condition, not a prediction or hypothesis about it.
• Option 3) Experiment:
  • Incorrect: An experiment is conducted to test a hypothesis, not a direct counterpart to it in this analogy.
• Option 4) Analysis:
  • Incorrect: Analysis is the examination of data or conditions but is not the predictive counterpart of a hypothesis.

The correct answer is option 3, i.e. Chikungunya, Dengue, Malaria. 

Concept:

• Illness/Diseases: It is a state of experience by the body when one or more of the control systems of the body are not functioning normally.  
  • Communicable disease: The diseases which are infectious or transmissible from a body to body through biological agents in humans and animals. Ex- Influenza, Ebola, Covid-19, etc.
  • Non-communicable disease: The disease that is not transmissible directly from one person to another through biological agents, Ex- Astana, Diabetes, etc.

Explanation:

• Dengue is a mosquito-borne viral infection causing a severe flu-like illness and, sometimes causing a potentially lethal complication called severe dengue. 
• Malaria is a life-threatening disease caused by parasites that are transmitted to people through the bites of infected female Anopheles mosquitoes. 
• Chikungunya is a viral disease (genus Alphavirus) that is transmitted to humans by infected mosquitoes – including Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus. 
• HIV (human immunodeficiency virus) is a virus that attacks cells that help the body fight infection, making a person more vulnerable to other infections and diseases.
• It is spread by contact with certain bodily fluids of a person with HIV, most commonly during unprotected sex (sex without a condom or HIV medicine to prevent or treat HIV), or through sharing injection drug equipment.
• AIDS is the late stage of HIV infection that occurs when the body’s immune system is badly damaged because of the virus.
• Typhoid fever is a systemic infection caused by Salmonella Typhi, usually through ingestion of contaminated food or water.
• Cholera is an acute diarrhoeal infection caused by the ingestion of food or water contaminated with the bacterium Vibrio cholerae. 

Additional Information

Stagnant water:

• When the flow of the water stops and that water is there only for some period of time is called stagnant water.
• Stagnant water is the main source for many types of diseases too.
• The rainwater collected in the open tyres and also in the tank and if not looking for a long time may become a house for many types of diseases.
• Malaria may be caused by stagnant water.
• Water pollution can often lead to increased breeding of mosquitoes that carry parasites.
• The growth or breeding of the mosquitoes can be stopped by spraying the kerosene on the water.
• This happens because when we spray the kerosene then the oxygen supply to the larva (small mosquitoes) stops and they die in the water.
• Spreading oil over water cuts the oxygen supply, hence mosquitoes cannot breed in them.
• Polio is caused by a virus known as poliovirus and it can cause paralysis.
• Pneumonia is a lung disease that happens because of bacterial or viral infections.
• Chicken Pox is caused by the varicella-zoster virus. The disease is also known as Varicella.

Some common communicable diseases are:

The Study Group, appointed jointly by the Ministry of Education and the Department of Social Welfare, made recommendations concerning child health in preschool education.

Key Points

• A primary recommendation from the Study Group was the implementation of periodic health care to reduce child mortality.
• Periodic health care involves scheduled check-ups, screenings, and health assessments to monitor the overall well-being of children.
• It aims to identify and address health issues promptly, contributing to a decrease in child mortality rates.
• By addressing health issues proactively, the goal is to prevent severe health complications and promote the overall health and development of preschoolers.

Thus, Periodic health care to reduce child mortality is the correct answer.

Concept:

The full form of "ABC" in terms of first aid is "Airway Breathing Circulation." It represents the basic steps to assess and address the most critical issues when providing first aid to an injured or unconscious person. These steps are as follows:

• Airway: Check and ensure that the person's airway is clear and not obstructed. If the airway is blocked, clear it to allow the person to breathe.
• Breathing: Check for breathing. If the person is not breathing, initiate rescue breathing or CPR (Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation) as necessary.
• Circulation: Check for a pulse and signs of circulation. If there is no pulse or circulation, initiate CPR to support the person's heart function.

This mnemonic helps first responders prioritize their actions to address potentially life-threatening situations in a systematic manner.

Concept:

Sports injuries:

• Sports injuries occur during exercise or while participating in a sport.
• Children are particularly at risk for these types of injuries, but adults can get them, too.
• One is at risk for sports injuries if one:
  • haven’t been regularly active
  • don’t warm up properly before exercise
  • play contact sports.
  • having a careless attitude.
• Examples are sprains, strains, fractures, etc.

Explanation:

Strains: 

• A strain is when a muscle is stretched too much and tears.
• It is also called a pulled muscle.
• A strain is a painful injury.
• It can be caused by an accident, overusing a muscle, or using a muscle in the wrong way.
• A strain may be caused by:
  • Too much physical activity or effort.
  • Improperly warming up before a physical activity.
  • Poor flexibility.

Thus, in technical terms, muscle pull is known as Strain.

Additional Information

• A sprain is an injury to the ligaments and capsule at a joint in the body. 
• The RICE method is a common treatment regimen for sports injuries. 
• It stands for:
  • rest
  • ice
  • compression
  • elevation

The correct answer is Common cold, AIDS.

Concept:

• The organisms which cannot be seen through the naked eyes are called microorganisms.
• Microorganisms are classified into four major groups. These groups are bacteria, fungi, protozoa and some algae.
• Viruses are also microscopic.
• Microorganisms are both beneficial as well as harmful.

Explanation:

• Microorganisms are harmful in many ways. Some of the microorganisms cause diseases in human beings, plants and animals.
• Such disease-causing microorganisms are called pathogens.
• On the basis of these pathogens, diseases can be categorised as - Viral diseases, Bacterial diseases, Nematode diseases, etc.
• Some of the viral diseases include - Measles, Chickenpox, Polio, Common cold, AIDS, etc.

Common Cold -

• The common cold can be caused by various types of virus-like the rhinovirus & coronavirus.
• Its symptoms include Runny nose, sneezing and congestion.

AIDS - 

• AIDS is the disease caused by HIV (human immune deficiency virus), first reported in the U.S.A in 1981.
• HIV belongs to the group of viruses called a retrovirus, these are named so because they(have RNA genome) have reverse transcriptase enzyme which carries on the process RNA →DNA 
• It destroys the defence mechanism of the body such that the person is unable to produce an immune response even against common bacteria like Mycobacterium, parasites like Toxoplasma, viruses, and fungi.

Additional Information 

Some Common Human Diseases are caused by Microorganisms.

The correct answer is option 3, i.e. Chikungunya, Dengue, Malaria. 

Concept:

• Illness/Diseases: It is a state of experience by the body when one or more of the control systems of the body are not functioning normally.  
  • Communicable disease: The diseases which are infectious or transmissible from a body to body through biological agents in humans and animals. Ex- Influenza, Ebola, Covid-19, etc.
  • Non-communicable disease: The disease that is not transmissible directly from one person to another through biological agents, Ex- Astana, Diabetes, etc.

Explanation:

• Dengue is a mosquito-borne viral infection causing a severe flu-like illness and, sometimes causing a potentially lethal complication called severe dengue. 
• Malaria is a life-threatening disease caused by parasites that are transmitted to people through the bites of infected female Anopheles mosquitoes. 
• Chikungunya is a viral disease (genus Alphavirus) that is transmitted to humans by infected mosquitoes – including Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus. 
• HIV (human immunodeficiency virus) is a virus that attacks cells that help the body fight infection, making a person more vulnerable to other infections and diseases.
• It is spread by contact with certain bodily fluids of a person with HIV, most commonly during unprotected sex (sex without a condom or HIV medicine to prevent or treat HIV), or through sharing injection drug equipment.
• AIDS is the late stage of HIV infection that occurs when the body’s immune system is badly damaged because of the virus.
• Typhoid fever is a systemic infection caused by Salmonella Typhi, usually through ingestion of contaminated food or water.
• Cholera is an acute diarrhoeal infection caused by the ingestion of food or water contaminated with the bacterium Vibrio cholerae. 

Additional Information

Stagnant water:

• When the flow of the water stops and that water is there only for some period of time is called stagnant water.
• Stagnant water is the main source for many types of diseases too.
• The rainwater collected in the open tyres and also in the tank and if not looking for a long time may become a house for many types of diseases.
• Malaria may be caused by stagnant water.
• Water pollution can often lead to increased breeding of mosquitoes that carry parasites.
• The growth or breeding of the mosquitoes can be stopped by spraying the kerosene on the water.
• This happens because when we spray the kerosene then the oxygen supply to the larva (small mosquitoes) stops and they die in the water.
• Spreading oil over water cuts the oxygen supply, hence mosquitoes cannot breed in them.
• Polio is caused by a virus known as poliovirus and it can cause paralysis.
• Pneumonia is a lung disease that happens because of bacterial or viral infections.
• Chicken Pox is caused by the varicella-zoster virus. The disease is also known as Varicella.

Some common communicable diseases are:

The correct answer is Blood transfusion

Key Points

• Non-communicable diseases are chronic health conditions that are not contagious and, tend to be of long duration and are the result of a combination of genetic, physiological, environmental and behavioural factors
• Blood transfusions are used for patients who have experienced serious injuries from car crashes or natural disasters.

Additional Information

• A balanced diet is a diet that contains differing kinds of foods in certain quantities and amount.
• A healthy diet includes the following: Fruit, vegetables, legumes (e.g. lentils and beans), nuts, and whole grains (e.g. unprocessed maize, millet, oats, wheat, and brown rice.

• Adequate Sleep, is the amount of sleep is an important indicator of health and well-being in children and adolescents. 

The correct answer is Chronic.

• COPD is the acronym for Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
• For a patient suffering from COPD, the ‘C’ stands for Chronic.
• It is a chronic inflammatory lung disease that causes obstructed airflow from the lungs.
• It is a progressive disease.
• The most common of these diseases are emphysema and chronic bronchitis.
• It's caused by long-term exposure to irritating gases or particulate matter.
• Cigarette smoking is the leading cause of COPD.
• It can be prevented by reducing exposure to risk factors.
• COPD can be identified through a lung function test called spirometry.

Concept:-

• Arrhythmia: arrhythmias are deviations from normal heartbeat patterns. They include abnormalities of impulse formation, such as heart rate, rhythm or site of impulse origin, and conduction disturbances, which disrupt the normal sequence of atrial and ventricular activation.

Types of arrhythmias include:

According to heart rate:

• Heartbeats that are too slow (bradycardia).
• Heartbeats that are too fast (tachycardia).

According to etiology:

• Delayed after depolarization
• Heart block
• Abnormal pacemaker
• Reentry circus movement

Risk factors:

• Excess caffeine, stress, tobacco use, alcohol use
• Digitalis overdose
• High blood pressure
• Heart muscle damage after a heart attack 

Additional Information

• Myocardial infarction: it is defined as a diseased condition that is caused by reduced blood flow in a coronary artery due to atherosclerosis and occlusion of an artery by an embolus or thrombus.
• Ischemia: it is a condition in which there is an inadequate supply of blood and oxygen to a portion of the myocardium.
• Angina pectoris: it is chest pain or discomfort that occurs when the heart muscle doesn’t get enough blood.

World Health Organization(WHO) recommended the inclusion of skill-based health education, life skills, child-friendly/health-promoting schools.

Concept: skill-based health education focus at facilitating the development of psychological skills that are required to deal with the demands and challenges of everyday life.

WHO identified and focused on five basic areas of life skills

1. decision-making and problem-solving
2. creative thinking and critical thinking
3. communication and empathy
4. coping with emotions and coping with stress.

WHO also focused on Child-friendly/health-promoting for quality life and for lifelong learning without any stress, which reflected one of the objectives of who for preparing young people for changing social circumstances.

Additional Information

NPE- National Policy on Eduction 1968, 1986, 1992(Program of action), 2020:

• The first National policy on education was announced after India's independence in 1968.
• It was based on the Kothari commission report of (1964-1966).
• Indira Gandhi Government announced the first National Policy on Education in 1968.
• Its main objective is to provide free and compulsory education for all children up to the age of 14.
• The government of India formulates the National Policy on education to regulate the education system in India.
• The first National Policy on education was formed by Indira Gandhi in 1968 and the second National policy on education was announced by Rajiv Gandhi in 1986.
• The third was by the Narendra Modi government in 2020.
• After 1968, Rajiv Gandhi announced a New education Policy in 1986.
• The main objective was to prepare India for the 21st century and emphasize equalising educational opportunity, especially for women, SC, and ST communities.
• The New National Education Policy 2020 aims to universalization of education from pre-school to secondary level.
• 100% Gross Enrollment Ratio in school by 2030 and higher education to be raised by 50% by 2035.
• A New 5+3+3+4 curricular structure replaced the current 10+2 System.

NCF- National Curriculum Framework (1975,1988,2000,2005) 

• The National Council for Educational Research and Training (NCERT) published a document called the National Curriculum Framework (NCF). 
• NCERT has published four national curriculum frameworks, first in 1975, second 1988, third 2000, and fourth 2005.
• NCF promotes universal enrollment and retention of children by formulating a child-centered approach.
• The NCF has aimed at bringing reforms in the education system by creating constructive learning through developing a learner-centric curriculum, that fosters autonomy to the learner.
• In present time education runs according to NCF 2005.
• NCF 2005 has been translated into 22 languages and influenced the syllabi in 17 states.
• It emphasizes nurturing and identity of prime importance informed by caring concerns within the country’s democratic polity.

It is well acknowledged that health is a multidimensional concept and is shaped by biological, social, economic, cultural, and political factors. Access to basic needs like food, safe water supply, housing, sanitation, and health services influences the health status of a population and these are reflected through mortality and nutritional indicators. 

Key Points

•  Health is a multidimensional concept because it is shaped by biological, social, economic, and cultural factors.
• The concerns related to health, nutrition, disease, and environmental determinants of health that contribute to the overall development of the child, therefore need to be part of the curriculum on ‘Health and Physical Education’ at the primary, secondary, and senior secondary schools.
• The concept should start from the primary classes through experiential learning.
• Experiential learning is learning through or by experiences.
• Students learn mostly by doing so different activities, role play can be conducted regarding health.

Thus, it is concluded that Experiential learning from primary classes should the concepts of health, disease, and environmental determinants of health be included in the curriculum of health and physical education.

Public health systems are commonly defined as “all public, private, and voluntary entities that contribute to the delivery of essential public health services within a jurisdiction.” This concept ensures that all entities’ contributions to the health and well-being of the community or state are recognized in assessing the provision of public health services.

The three core functions of public health are:

1. Assessment:

• Monitor environmental and health status to identify and solve community environmental health problems
• Diagnose and investigate environmental health problems and health hazards in the community

2. Policy Development:

• Inform, educate, and empower people about environmental health issues
• Mobilize community partnerships and actions to identify and solve environmental health problems
• Develop policies and plans that support individual and community environmental health efforts

3. Assurance:

• Enforce laws and regulations that protect environmental health and ensure safety
• Link people to needed environmental health services and assure the provision of environmental health services when otherwise unavailable
• Assure a competent environmental health workforce
• Evaluate effectiveness, accessibility, and quality of personal and population-based environmental health services
• Research for new insights and innovative solutions to environmental health problems

Explanation

• BMI  stands for Body mass index which is the measure of body fat based on the height and weight of men and women.
• Increased BMI is usually associated with an increased risk of metabolic diseases such as type II diabetes mellitus, hypertension & dyslipidemia.
• BMI is widely used to know whether a person has a healthy weight equivalent to height or not.
• BMI categories: Underweight < 18.5, Normal Weight: 18.5 - 24.9, Overweight: 25 - 29.9, Obesity > 30.
• We can find the BMI of a person by using the given formula:
• BMI = (Weight in kg)/(Height in meters)² 

 ^{Additional Information}

• ^​A healthy weight is associated with a low risk of weight-related diseases and health issues. If BMI is 18.5 to 24.9, it falls within the normal or Healthy Weight range. 
• Obesity: It is a disorder of excessive body fat that increases the risk of various diseases like Hypertension, cardiac arrest, diabetes, etc. It is characterized by a BMI of more than 30.
• Overweight is a BMI greater than or equal to 25-29.9. Overweight is defined as abnormal or excessive fat accumulation that may impair health.

The correct answer is accessibility and affordability.Key Points

• Accessibility and affordability need to be integrated into our basic health infrastructure along with education and technology.
• Accessibility and affordability are critical factors in ensuring that basic healthcare is available to all, especially those in low-income and marginalized communities.
• Education is important to increase awareness about healthcare and disease prevention, and to train healthcare professionals.
• Technology can be used to improve healthcare delivery, such as telemedicine and electronic health records.
• Communication is also important to ensure that healthcare information is disseminated effectively and accurately.

Additional Information

• The Indian government has entered into credit arrangements with foreign organizations to borrow up to Rs 13,879 crore for the purpose of strengthening its health infrastructure.
• Loan agreements have been signed in order to supplement PM-ABHIM, which was introduced in October 2021 and will last until FY 2025–2026.
• One of the biggest national initiatives in India to improve the nation's healthcare system is the Prime Minister's Ayushman Bharat Health Infrastructure Mission.
• Its objectives are to create 11,024 urban Health and Wellness Centers across the nation and support 17,788 rural Health and Wellness Centers in ten "high focus" states.