Health and Disease MCQ Quiz - Objective Question with Answer for Health and Disease - Download Free PDF

The correct answer is Thyroid gland .

Key Points

• Goiter:-
  • It can be caused by a variety of factors, including iodine deficiency, autoimmune diseases, and inflammation.
  • Goiters can be harmless, but in some cases they can cause symptoms such as difficulty breathing or swallowing, and they may also be associated with thyroid hormone problems.
  • Goiter is a disease of the thyroid gland.
• ​Thyroid Gland:-​​
  •  ​The thyroid is a butterfly-shaped gland located in the neck just below the Adam's apple.
  • It produces hormones that control many bodily functions, including metabolism, heart rate, body temperature, and mood. 

Additional Information

• ​Pituitary gland:-
  • It is a small, pea-shaped gland located at the base of the brain.
  • It is often called the "master gland" because it produces hormones that regulate many other glands and bodily functions.
• Pancreas:-
  • It is a long, flat gland located behind the stomach.
  • It has two main functions: to produce digestive enzymes and to produce hormones.
• Adrenal Glands:-
  • These are two small glands located above the kidneys.
  • They produce hormones that help the body to respond to stress and to regulate blood sugar levels.

The correct answer is the HIV/AIDS

Key Points

• Unfortunately, we're not going to have a vaccine by 2030, but there's a lot of funding still around HIV vaccine research.
• The excitement has dimmed a bit because of the failures, but there's still a lot of research into trying to develop a safe and effective HIV vaccine.
• Human immunodeficiency virus infection and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (HIV/AIDS) are a spectrum of conditions caused by infection with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), a retrovirus.
• Following initial infection, an individual may not notice any symptoms or may experience a brief period of influenza-like illness.
• Typically, this is followed by a prolonged incubation period with no symptoms.
• If the infection progresses, it interferes more with the immune system, increasing the risk of developing common infections such as tuberculosis, as well as other opportunistic infections, and tumors which are rare in people who have a normal immune function.
• These late symptoms of infection are referred to as acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS).
• This stage is often also associated with unintended weight loss.

Additional Information

Key Points 

Coliform is a group of bacteria, found in human intestines, whose presence in water indicates contamination by disease-causing microorganisms.

• Coliform bacteria make up a large group of bacteria that are found in soils, plants, and in surface water.
• Coliform bacteria, such as fecal coliform, live in the intestines of humans.
• Their presence in a water supply suggests possible pollution with disease-causing organisms.
• The Total Coliform Bacteria test is used as an indicator of the bacterial safety of your drinking water.

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The correct answer is Blood transfusion.

Key Points

• Hepatitis B:
  • It is a liver disease that is caused by the hepatitis B virus (HBV).
  • The virus is known to interfere with the functions of the liver and causes pathological damage.
  • It can be both acute or chronic disease.
  • HBV is spread by contact with the blood or body fluids of an infected person.
  • Hepatitis B is spread when blood, semen, or other body fluids from a person infected with the virus enters the body of someone who is not infected.

Additional Information 

The correct answer Covid - 19 Delta Variant.

Key Points

• Covid - 19 Delta Variant is the official name of the Indian variant of Covid-19 virus discovered in October 2020.
• The World Health Organisation (WHO) settled on letters of the Greek alphabet to refer to the variants discovered in different parts of the world since the beginning of the pandemic.
• For B.1.617.2, the Covid-19 variant first discovered in India in October 2020, the WHO has assigned the name 'Delta'.

Additional Information

The correct answer is itai-itai.

Key Points

• Itai-itai disease is caused by cadmium (Cd) exposure, produced as a result of human activities related to industrialization. 
• It was first recognized in Japan in the 1960s.
• Itai-itai disease is characterized by osteomalacia with severe bone pain and is associated with renal tubular dysfunction.
• This disease was recognized as the Four Big Pollution Diseases of Japan.
• Cadmium is a naturally occurring toxic heavy metal.
• It is an extremely toxic industrial and environmental pollutant classified as a human carcinogen.
• It is used in the manufacturing of NiCd rechargeable batteries.

Additional Information

The correct answer is Pellagra.

Key Points

• Pellagra is a nutritional disorder caused by vitamin B3 (niacin) deficiency.
• Clinical manifestations of pellagra include skin rashes, diarrhea, dementia, and eventually death if left untreated.
• Vitamin B3 is important for energy production, metabolism, and DNA repair.
• Pellagra was once a common disease in the United States, particularly in the southern states, but it became rare after the fortification of grain products with niacin.

Additional Information

• Anaemia:
  • Anemia is a blood condition where the blood's capacity to carry oxygen is diminished because there are fewer red blood cells in the blood than usual.
  • It can be caused by various factors such as iron deficiency, vitamin B12 deficiency, or chronic disease.
• Beri Beri:
  • It is a disease caused by thiamine (vitamin B1) deficiency.
  • It can lead to symptoms such as fatigue, muscle weakness, and nerve damage.
• Scurvy:
  • It is a disease caused by vitamin C deficiency.
  • It can lead to symptoms such as bleeding gums, skin rash, and joint pain.

Option 1 is correct, i.e. Typhoid fever.

• Typhoid fever: 
  • It can be diagnosed with the Widal test. 
  • Widal test is named after Georges-Fernand Widal (inventor). 
  • The test detects agglutinating antibodies against the O and H antigens of Salmonella Typhi Bacteria.

Extra facts: 

• To diagnose Tuberculosis, a blood test is sufficient to find the bacteria.
• AIDS can be diagnosed by ELISA-Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay.
• The study of Cancer is Oncology.

The correct answer is i - a, ii - b, iii - c, iv - d.Key Points

• Addison's disease is caused due to adrenal gland disorder.
• Hashimoto's disease is caused due to thyroid gland disorder.
• Acromegaly is caused due to growth hormone disorder.
• SIADH is caused due to vasopressin disorder.

Additional Information

• Addison's disease is a rare disorder that occurs when adrenal glands do not produce enough hormones, causing fatigue, weight loss, and low blood pressure.
• Hashimoto's disease is an autoimmune disorder that affects the thyroid gland, causing an underactive thyroid gland, leading to weight gain, fatigue, and depression.
• Acromegaly is a hormonal disorder that occurs when the pituitary gland produces too much growth hormone, causing enlargement of hands, feet, and facial features.
• SIADH is a disorder that occurs when the body produces too much vasopressin hormone, leading to fluid retention and low sodium levels in the blood.
• Hormones and glands play a crucial role in regulating various bodily functions, and any disorder related to them can cause significant health issues.

The correct answer is Both 1 and 2.

Key Points

• Hepatitis B:
  • It is a liver disease that is caused by the hepatitis B virus (HBV).
  • The virus is known to interfere with the functions of the liver and causes pathological damage.
  • It can be both acute or chronic disease.
  • HBV is spread by contact with the blood or body fluids of an infected person.
• HIV/AIDS:
  • The Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) infects the immune system of humans and subsequently results in Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS).
  • AIDS is a condition in which the immune system weakens and the human body becomes susceptible to life-threatening opportunistic infections and cancers.
  • HIV can be spread through sexual intercourse, transfusion of infected blood, infected mother to her infant during pregnancy, and breast milk.
• According to the World Health Organisation HBV is 50 to 100 times more infectious than HIV, although both the viruses get spread in the same way, i.e., by contact with blood or body fluids of an infected person. Hence, statement 1 is correct.
• HBV can also cause liver cirrhosis and liver cancer. A small percentage of infected people can not get rid of the virus and become chronically infected. Such people are at higher risk of death from liver cirrhosis and liver cancer. Hence, statement 2 is correct.

The correct answer is Sleeping Sickness.

Key Points

• African trypanosomiasis -
  • It is a parasitic disease in humans and other animals.
  • It is caused by Trypanosoma brucea, a species of parasite.
  • They are usually spread by the bite of an infected sea-sea fly and are most common in rural areas.
  • In the first stage of the disease, fever, headache, itching and joint pain occur.
  • It starts within one to three weeks after the bite.
  • The disease occurs regularly in some areas of sub-Saharan Africa.

Additional Information

• ​Porphyria -
  • It is a group of rare genetic blood disorders.
  • Heme, a component of hemoglobin, does not form properly in the body of a person suffering from this disease.
  • Due to this disease, the person starts having problems related to nerve and skin.
• Diabetes -
  • It is a group of metabolic diseases.
  • This disease occurs due to high blood sugar levels or insufficient insulin production in the person.
  • In this disease, the cells of the body are unable to produce insulin properly or respond to the production of insulin.

The correct answer is Osteomalacia.

Key Points

• Osteomalacia is softening of the bones.
• It most often occurs because of a problem with vitamin D, which helps your body absorb calcium.
• The body needs calcium to maintain the strength and hardness of bones.

Additional Information

• Osteopenia is when your bones are weaker than normal but not so far gone that they break easily, which is the hallmark of osteoporosis.
• Most cases of Osteomyelitis are caused by staphylococcus bacteria, types of germs commonly found on the skin or in the nose of even healthy individuals.
• A lifelong lack of calcium plays a role in the development of Osteoporosis.

The correct answer is Polio. Key Points

• Polio is a potential contender for worldwide eradication because it is a vaccine-preventable disease and there are effective vaccines available.
• The World Health Organization (WHO) has been leading the global effort to eradicate polio since 1988, and significant progress has been made in reducing the number of cases worldwide.
• Tuberculosis, measles, and malaria are not currently considered potential contenders for worldwide eradication because they are more difficult to control and eliminate due to various factors such as drug resistance, lack of effective vaccines, and complex transmission patterns.
• However, efforts are still being made to reduce the burden of these diseases through various strategies such as improved diagnostics, treatment, and prevention measures.

Additional Information

• Tuberculosis is a bacterial infection that primarily affects the lungs but can also affect other parts of the body.
  • It is a major cause of illness and death worldwide.
• Measles is a highly contagious viral infection.
  • It can cause serious complications such as pneumonia, brain damage, and death, and it is still a major cause of death among young children in many parts of the world.
• Malaria is a parasitic infection that is transmitted by mosquitoes, and it can cause fever, chills, and flu-like symptoms, and in severe cases, it can lead to organ failure and death.
  • It is a major public health problem in many tropical and subtropical regions of the world.

The correct answer is Visceral leishmaniasis. Key Points

• Visceral leishmaniasis, also known as kala-azar, is a parasitic disease caused by the Leishmania donovani parasite, which is transmitted by the bite of an infected phlebotomine sandfly.
• The disease is characterized by irregular fever, weight loss, and enlargement of the spleen and liver, which can lead to serious health complications if left untreated.
• Treatment for visceral leishmaniasis typically involves a combination of drugs such as liposomal amphotericin B, miltefosine, and paromomycin.
• Prevention measures for the disease include using insect repellent, wearing protective clothing, and sleeping under insecticide-treated bed nets.

Additional Information

• Japanese encephalitis is a viral disease transmitted by mosquitoes.
  • It can cause inflammation of the brain and is endemic in parts of Asia.
• Diarrhea is a common condition characterized by loose or watery stools.
  • It can be caused by a variety of factors such as infections, food intolerances, and medications.
• Anaplasmosis is a tick-borne disease caused by the Anaplasma phagocytophilum bacterium.
  • It can cause fever, headache, and muscle aches.

The correct answer is Female Aedes mosquito.

Key Points

• Dengue viruses are spread to people through the bites of infected Aedes species mosquitoes.
  • Its symptoms are nausea, vomiting, aches and pains, and rash. While vomiting blood, and bleeding from the nose or gums are symptoms of severe dengue.
  • It can be prevented by cleanliness and preventing oneself mosquito bites.
  • It can be cured by taking paracetamol and drinking fluids.
  • Note: Mosquitoes also cause chikungunya, malaria, Zika virus, West Nile virus, etc.
  • Thus, dengue is caused by Aedes mosquito.

Additional Information

• Malaria is transmitted to humans by female mosquitoes of the genus Anopheles.
  • Female mosquitoes take blood meals for egg production, and these blood meals are the link between the human and the mosquito hosts in the parasite life cycle.