Ecology MCQ Quiz in বাংলা - Objective Question with Answer for Ecology - বিনামূল্যে ডাউনলোড করুন [PDF]

The correct answer is 2002.

Key Points

• India enacted the Biological Diversity (BD) Act in 2002, and notified the Rules in 2004, through an extensive consultative process initiated in 1994.
• India was one of the first few countries to have enacted such a comprehensive legislation on biodiversity.
• The Act is implemented through a three-tier institutional mechanism, at national, state and local levels:
  • The National Biodiversity Authority (NBA) at the national level set up by the Government of India,
  • State Biodiversity Boards set up by the State Governments at the State level, and
  • Biodiversity Management Committees (BMCs) constituted by the elected bodies at the local level.
• The Act provides these authorities with special funds and a separate budget in order to carry out any research project dealing with the biological natural resources of the country.

The correct answer is A - IV, B - III, C - II, D - I.

Key Points

Additional Information

• Monoclimax Theory and Clements:
  • Clements’ model focuses on the climatic climax as a singular endpoint for all successions in a given climate zone.
  • It simplifies ecological succession to a predictable and uniform process driven predominantly by climate.
• Polyclimax Theory and Tansley:
  • Tansley’s theory acknowledges multiple factors influencing climax communities, making it more flexible than the Monoclimax Theory.
  • This theory highlights the heterogeneity of landscapes and the variability in ecological outcomes.
• Climax-pattern Theory and Whittaker:
  • Whittaker’s approach integrates the concepts of both single and multiple climax theories.
  • It recognizes the gradient nature of ecological influences and the resultant diversity of climax communities.
• Cyclic Climax Theory and Watt:
  • Watt’s model introduces the idea of cyclic succession, where climax communities may repeat in cycles due to disturbances.
  • This approach accounts for dynamic and non-linear processes in ecological succession.