Decoding the Full Form of pH

The term pH stands for “ Potential of Hydrogen” . It is a measure of the hydrogen ion concentration in a solution, thus indicating the solution's acidity or alkalinity. The pH scale, which can be seen here , ranges from 0 to 14.

Understanding the pH of Acid and Base

The pH scale is a continuum from 0 to 14.

• Solutions with a pH value between 0 to less than 7 are classified as acidic solutions.
• Solutions with a pH value greater than 7 up to 14 are referred to as basic solutions.
• Solutions with a pH value of 7 are neutral, implying an equal balance of hydrogen and hydroxide ions.

Solutions with a pH value of 0 are highly acidic, while those with a pH value of 14 are extremely basic. The intensity of an acid or base depends on the number of H ⁺ and OH ^– ions it produces. More H+ ions mean a stronger acid, and the same applies to bases with OH- ions.

The Significance of pH

• Living organisms can only tolerate a certain range of pH changes. For instance, when industrial waste acidifies a lake, the altered pH can threaten aquatic life.
• Our stomach produces hydrochloric acid, aiding in food digestion by activating certain enzymes. In cases of acid reflux, antacids are used to neutralise the excess stomach acid.
• The bacteria in our mouth can lower the pH by producing acids, leading to tooth decay. Regular brushing and mouthwash use can neutralise these acids and promote oral health.
• Bee stings are painful due to the injection of formic acid. Applying a mild base like baking soda can neutralise the acid and alleviate the pain.