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Home / IAS Preparation / Government Schemes of India / Saansad Adarsh Gram Yojana

Saansad Adarsh Gram Yojana - Features, Objectives, Values, Implementation & More

Last Updated on Dec 28, 2023
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Saansad Aadarsh Gram Yojana (SAGY) is a village growth program under which each Member of Parliament (MP) is responsible for developing the organizational and physical infrastructure in three villages by 2019. By 2024, the plan plans to build five ‘Adarsh Villages’ or ‘Model Villages.’SAGY also aims to develop five model villages or Adarsh Grams by 2024. The program targets goals beyond infrastructure development. It seeks to create villages with good facilities. These facilities include education, health care, skill development, and others. These facilities improve the quality of life.

Source: PIB

Saansad Adarsh Gram Yojana (SAGY) is a government scheme that is an important part of GS Paper 2 of Mains and GS Paper 1 of Prelims in UPSC IAS examination under the social justice section.

In this article, we shall detail the aims, objectives, values, and implementation of Saansad Adarsh Gram Yojana (SAGY).

What is Saansad Adarsh Gram Yojana (SAGY)?

Prime Minister Narendra Modi launched the Saansad Adarsh Gram Yojana on October 11, 2014. The program is also known as Saanjhi. The goal of SAGY is to develop model villages. These model villages demonstrate innovative ways to build villages. The program focuses on social and cultural infrastructure. Each Member of Parliament must develop three villages' institutional and physical infrastructure by 2019. The objective of SAGY is to develop three model villages by 2019. 

Goal of SAGY

The goal of Saansad Adarsh Gram Yojana (SAGY) is to actualize Mahatma Gandhi's holistic vision, adapted to the current context. The program targets the development of three model villages by March 2019, with one to be achieved by 2016. Subsequently, a plan is to select and develop five such model villages (one each year) by 2024.

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Eligibility for Saansad Adarsh Gram Yojana
  • The fundamental unit should be the Gram Panchayat.
  • Plain areas require a village population of 3000-5000, while hilly, tribal, and challenging regions should have 1000-3000 residents. A Panchayat with an approximate population is acceptable in districts without this size.
  • MPs should select a suitable Gram Panchayat from any district in the country except their own or their spouse's village.
  • Each MP should immediately choose one Gram Panchayat and identify two more for future involvement.
  • Lok Sabha MPs must pick a Gram Panchayat within their constituency.
  • Rajya Sabha MPs must select a Gram Panchayat from a district in their State of election.
  • MPs should find one from a nearby rural area in urban constituencies without Gram Panchayats.
  • The Gram Panchayats chosen by MPs, even those whose terms have ended, will remain part of SAGY, regardless of whether activities have started. Newly elected MPs can also select a Gram Panchayat of their choice and two more by 2019.

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Objectives of Saansad Aadarsh Gram Yojana
  • Triggering processes leading to the holistic development of the identified Gram Panchayats
  • To substantially improve the standard of living and quality of life of all sections of the population through
    • Improved basic amenities
    • Better livelihood opportunities
    • Reduced disparities
    • Access to rights and entitlements
    • Higher productivity
    • Enhanced human development
    • Wider social mobilization
    • Enriched social capital
  • Generating models of local-level development and effective local governance. It will motivate and inspire neighboring Gram Panchayats to learn and adapt.
  • Nurturing the identified Adarsh Grams as schools of local development to train other Gram Panchayats.

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Values of SAGY

Beyond infrastructure development, SAGY aims to inculcate certain values in the villages and villagers to transform them into models. These values include:

  • Ensuring people's participation in governance and all aspects of village life, especially decision-making.
  • Enabling the most disadvantaged villagers to achieve well-being, adhering to Antyodaya.
  • Upholding gender equality and respect for women.
  • Guaranteeing social justice.
  • Instilling the spirit of community service, voluntarism, and dignity of labor.
  • Promoting a culture of cleanliness.
  • Striking a balance between development and ecology, living in harmony with nature.
  • Preserving and promoting local cultural heritage.
  • Fostering cooperation, self-help, and self-reliance within the village community.
  • Nurturing peace and harmony.
  • Bringing transparency, accountability, and integrity in public life.
  • Promoting local self-governance.
  • Adhering to the values enshrined in the Indian Constitution's Fundamental Rights and Duties.

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Implementation of SAGY
  • Using Members of Parliament’s (MPs) leadership, capacity, commitment, and enthusiasm to establish model Gram Panchayats
  • Community engagement and mobilization for participatory local development.
  • Bringing together various government programs and private and voluntary initiatives to create comprehensive development that aligns with people’s goals and local potential.
  • Developing collaborations with non-profits, cooperatives, and academic and research institutes.
  • Concentrating on outcomes and long-term viability.

Functioning Bodies & Functions of SAGY

Two national committees, one led by the Minister of Rural Development and the other by the Secretary of Rural Development: 

  • The scheme’s development, planning, and implementation are all being monitored.
  • .Issue operational instructions and specify the kind of resources that each Ministry can contribute.

District Collector

  •  Conducting the baseline survey
  •  Ensuring grievance redressal and reviewing the monthly progress of the scheme

Gram Panchayat

  • Implementation of the scheme
  • Identifying the common needs of the village and ensuring the participation of the people in the scheme.

Member of Parliament

  • Identifying the Adarsh Gram and facilitating the planning process.
  • It is also responsible for mobilizing additional funds and for monitoring this scheme.

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Major Activities Under Adarsh Gram Yojana

Image Source: Government of India

An Adarsh Gram should arise from a common vision of the people, using their abilities and available resources as much as possible. The MP, Gram Panchayat, civil society, and government should facilitate this. The components of an Adarsh Gram will depend on its context. However, some important activities can be broadly identified. They are:

  • Infrastructure development like roads, electricity, water, sanitation, and waste management.
  • Access to healthcare through primary health centers, ASHAs, and ambulance services.
  • Education facilities covering all age groups from pre-school to higher secondary.
  • Income generation through agriculture, livestock, small industries, services, and self-help groups.
  • Social security for vulnerable groups like the elderly, disabled, and children.
  • Skill development and vocational training as per needs and opportunities.
  • Civic amenities like community centers, open spaces, libraries, fair-price shops, etc.
  • Effective local self-governance through the Gram Panchayat.
  • Safety and security of residents through policing, community vigilance, etc.
  • A clean and green village environment through plantations, waste management, etc.
  • Social harmony by preserving local culture and customs and promoting inclusion.
  • The use of technology for effective delivery of services and participation of people.

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Parameters for Identification of Adarsh Gram
  • The basic unit would be a Gram Panchayat.
  • In plain areas, the population will be 3000-5000, while in hilly, tribal, and tough locations, the population will be 1000-3000.
  • Gram Panchayats that approximate the desired population size may be chosen in districts where this unit size is unavailable.
  • Other than his or her village or that of his or her spouse, the MP would be permitted to pick a suitable Gram Panchayat for development as Adarsh Gram.
  • The MP will choose one Gram Panchayat to be taken up right away and two others to be taken up later.
  • A Lok Sabha MP must select a Gram Panchayat from within his or her constituency and a Rajya Sabha MP from the rural area of a district of his or her choice in the State from which he or she is elected.
  • Nominated MPs may select a Gram Panchayat from any district in the country’s rural areas.
  • Where no Gram Panchayats are in an urban seat, the MP will identify a Gram Panchayat from a neighboring rural constituency.
  • Whether or not activities have already been commenced in the GP under SAGY, the Gram Panchayats, once appointed by members of Parliament (whose tenures have ended due to resignation or otherwise), would be continued as such under SAGY.
  • Newly elected MPs can choose their primary care physician, with two more options available by 2019.
  • The primary goal is to establish three Adarsh Grams by March 2019, with one completed by 2016.
  • By 2024, five such Adarsh Grams will be selected and developed (one every year).

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Challenges
  • Lack of fund allocation is a big obstacle. The Sarpanch cannot start work due to lack of funds.
  • Officials hold up funds, or the MP is prevented from releasing funds. This stops serious progress.
  • Careful coordination across ministries is necessary to implement the program. Coordination is the most difficult task.
  • MPs have no platform to track various interventions. They need help to check development on the ground regularly.
  • MPs need help knowing the terms of different schemes for execution.
  • Some MPs must choose a village from outside their constituency. They hesitate to use MPLAD funds for it.
  • Choosing a village is also an issue. An MP cannot choose their village or spouse's village. This puts MPs in a difficult position. Voters in other villages may object.

Outcomes of SAGY

Annexe II in SAGY provides a comprehensive overview of the outcomes associated with investments and schemes. Additionally, SAGY is anticipated to yield other notable results, encompassing:

  • Augmented livelihoods and expanded employment opportunities.
  • Mitigation of distress migration.
  • Elimination of bonded labor, child labor, and manual scavenging.
  • Achievement of 100% registration of deaths and births.
  • Development of an alternate dispute resolution system acceptable to all community segments.
  • Promotion of peace and harmony.
  • Demonstration effect on other Gram Panchayats.

Way Forward
  • SAGY emphasizes community participation, and social mobilization of the village community can set off a cascade of additional village development activities.
  • The goal of the SAGY village evolution was to produce model villages by assuring scheme convergence dovetailing and proper execution on a priority basis.
  • On the other hand, the seriousness required to achieve the goal needs to be improved. MPs must take greater responsibility for the scheme.

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FAQs

PM Narendra Modi introduced SAGY, also known as 'Saanjhi,' under the Government of India on October 11, 2014. SAGY is a village development programme that focuses on the villages' social and cultural development.

To initiate processes that lead to the holistic development of the Gram Panchayats identified. Improving the standard of living and quality of life of all sectors of the population through improving basic utilities, enhancing human development, increasing productivity, minimizing inequities, and enriching social capital.

Focuses on developing villages into model villages by focusing on gender equality, women's empowerment and dignity, social justice, cleanliness, community service, peace, cooperation, and environmental friendliness.

Due to a lack of funding, the Sarpanch is unable to begin any work. They alleged that funds were being held up by other authorities, or that the MP was being prevented from releasing funds by the government..

The yojana emphasizes community participation, and social mobilization of the village community can set off a cascade of additional village development activities.
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