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Home / IAS Preparation / Crime And Criminal Tracking Network & Systems

Crime and Criminal Tracking Network & Systems (CCTNS) - History, Features, Objectives, Working & More

Last Updated on Jun 27, 2024
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The Crime and Criminal Tracking Network & Systems (CCTNS) is based on Common Integrated Police Application (CIPA). The Ministry of Home Affairs has been carrying it out as a "Mission Mode Project (MMP)" since 2009, following thorough consultation with all stakeholders. The National Crime Records Bureau is implementing CCTNS, which intends to develop a comprehensive and integrated nationwide internet monitoring system by combining more than 16,347 police stations nationwide for "crime investigation and criminal detection" (NCRB).

Source: Kerala Police

This topic of “Crime and Criminal Tracking Network & Systems” is important from the perspective of the UPSC IAS Examination, which falls under General Studies Paper 2 (Mains) and General Studies Paper 1 (Preliminary) and particularly in the Governance section of the UPSC Exam. 

In this article, we shall discuss the CCTNS, Its background, How does it work? Objectives, Benefits, CCTNS Stakeholders, and More!

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Latest News about the Crime And Criminal Tracking Network System

  • In November 2022, The Himachal Pradesh Police was ranked first among hilly and northeastern states in CCTNS for the second year, for 2020 and 2021.
  • Also, Himachal Pradesh is ranked first in India for implementing an interoperable criminal justice system (ICJS).

What is Crime and Criminal Tracking Network and Systems (CCTNS)?

The Crime and Criminal Tracking Network and Systems (CCTNS) is a planning scheme. It is based on the experience of a non-plan scheme, namely the Common Integrated Police Application (CIPA). In 2009, the CCTNS project was designated as a Mission Mode Project under the National e-Governance Plan (NeGP). It aims to create a fully integrated system for improving the efficiency and effectiveness of policing at all levels. 

Read the linked article for the UPSC Exam to learn more about the Government to Citizens G2C Initiatives e-Governance!

Overview of CCTNS

Here are some key facts about the Crime And Criminal Tracking Network System (CCTNS) for the UPSC Exam:

CCTNS 

CCTNS Full-Form

Crime and Criminal Tracking Network & Systems

Launched

19 June 2009

Implemented by

National Crime Records Bureau (NCRB).

Associated Ministry

Ministry of Home Affairs

Motto

E-Governance

Background of CCTNS

In 2004-05, the Common Integrated Police Application (CIPA) project was launched to digitise crime and criminal records on a standalone basis, using the police station as a unit. All police stations in the nation should be connected, according to the consensus, to facilitate investigations and offer citizen-centric services that require antecedent verification. This can only be done if data is shared widely and centralizedly collected.

  • In the aftermath of the 2008 Mumbai attacks, then-Home Minister P. Chidambaram proposed the CCTNS concept in 2008.
  • As a result, the Crime and Criminal Tracking Network and Systems (CCTNS) project began in 2009, with a total approved budget of Rs 2000 Crore.
  • The CCTNS project’s scope has been expanded to incorporate police data with the other foundational elements of the criminal justice system, including the courts, prisons, prosecution, forensics, and fingerprints. As a result, a new system called the “Integrated Criminal Justice System (ICJS)” was created in 2017.
  • The CCTNS/ICJS project’s implementation phase has since been extended until March 2018, and the operations and maintenance phase will continue until March 2022.

Read the linked article for the UPSC Exam to learn more about the Stages of e-Governance!

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Implementation of CCTNS

CCTNS will be implemented by integrating all criminal data and records into a central software called CAS. This software will be installed in all police stations across India. It will track criminals across the nation. It will integrate different software and platforms used by different states.

The project will also involve training police personnel in using the latest technology. It will also help in strengthening e-governance across the states.

Key features of CCTNS
  • Interconnect about 15,000 police stations and 5,000 offices of supervisory police officers across the country.
  • Digitize data related to FIR registration, investigation, and charge sheets.
  • Develop a national database of crime and criminals.
  • Provide a central citizen portal with linkages to state-level citizen portals.
  • Total outlay of 2000 crore rupees. This includes the operation and maintenance phase for five years up to March 2022.

Know more about the Police Reforms in India!

Objectives Of CCTNS

The Crime and Criminal Tracking Network System (CCTNS) is an initiative of the Government of India to modernise the police force with a focus on improving outcomes in the fields of Crime Investigation and Criminals Detection, in information gathering and dissemination among various police organisations and units across the country, as well as in improving Citizen Services.

  • To provide a pan-India search on the National Crime and Criminal Records Database.
  • To provide tools, technology, and information to Civil Police Investigating Officers to facilitate crime investigation and criminal detection.
  • To make police operations more accessible to citizens and transparent by automating the operation of police stations.
  • To provide citizen-centric police services through a web portal.
  • To reduce the need for manual and redundant record keeping.
  • To digitize police processes (FIRs, Investigations, Challans).
  • To promote interaction and information sharing among police stations, districts, state/local headquarters, and other law enforcement agencies.
  • Improve justice delivery by sharing crime and criminal data among police stations, courts, prisons, forensics, and prosecution.
  • To improve police operations in law and order, traffic management, etc.
  • To assist senior police officers in managing the police force more effectively.

Read the linked article for the UPSC Exam to learn more about the National Cyber Security Policy!

Working of Crime And Criminal Tracking Network System

CCTNS aims to integrate all crime data and records in India into Core Application Software (CAS), which is currently being implemented across India’s states and union territories and was developed by the Bangalore-based IT firm Wipro.

  • The CCTNS project includes horizontal connectivity, which connects police functions at the State and Central levels to external entities.
  • The CCTNS also has vertical connectivity of police units (linking police units at various levels within the States – police stations, district police offices, state headquarters, SCRB, and other police formations – and States, through state headquarters and SCRB, to NCRB at Government of India level).

Crime And Criminal Tracking Network System: Stakeholders of the Project

Given the sensitivity of the police subject, a bottom-up, consultative design process must be used for the Mission Mode Project (MMP), which will impact the following stakeholders:

  • Citizens/ Citizens groups.
  • Ministry of Home Affairs (MHA), National Crime Records Bureau (NCRB), and others.
  • State Police Department.
  • External State Departments include Jails, Courts, Transportation Departments, Passport Offices, Hospitals, etc.
  • Organizations in the non-profit or private sectors.

Know more about the Police Reforms in India!

Benefits of Crime And Criminal Tracking Network System

The following are the expected benefits of successfully implementing the Crime & Criminals Tracking Network and Systems (CCTNS):

Benefits to Police Department

  • It will be a useful tool for police investigations.
  • It will improve search capabilities, centralised crime and criminal information, criminal images, and fingerprints.
  • It will improve the ability to analyse crime patterns and methods of operation.
  • It will improve the ability to analyse traffic incidents and other accidents.
  • It will reduce the time it takes for analysis results (criminal and traffic) to reach officers on the ground.
  • It will decrease the manual work required for the back-office tasks performed by police stations, like maintaining station records and creating regular and special reports.
  • Through CCTNS, a collaborative, knowledge-oriented environment where information is shared between various regions and units.
  • Implementing electronic information exchange systems will improve coordination and communication with external stakeholders.

Benefits to Ministry of Home Affairs (NCRB)

  • It will standardise the methods of capturing crime and criminal data across the country’s police stations.
  • It will provide nationwide access to crime and criminal data more quickly and easily, allowing for the analysis of trends and patterns.
  • It will improve the capability of identifying crime patterns across States/UTs through modus operandi and communicating with the state police departments to support crime prevention.
  • It will be able to respond to inquiries from the parliament, citizens and citizen groups, and RTI requests more quickly and accurately.
  • The scalability of crime and criminal systems will be simple and low-cost in the future.

Benefits to Citizens

  • It will provide multiple channels of access to police services.
  • It will simplify the petition registration process.
  • It will simplify requesting general services like certificates, verifications, and permissions.
  • It will simplify the procedure and provide an accurate way to monitor the development of the case throughout trials.
  • It will make viewing and reporting unclaimed, recovered vehicles and property easier and more accurate.
  • It will simplify the process and channel for filing grievances.
  • It will improve victim and witness relationship management.
  • It will allow police to respond to emergency calls for help more quickly and confidently.

Benefits to external departments

  • For better delivery of public services and enhanced law enforcement, it will seamlessly integrate with police systems.
  • It will allow for rapidly exchanging accurate information with the police department.

Know more about the Difference between commissioner of police and director general of police!

Need for Crime And Criminal Tracking Network System

The Ministry of Home Affairs has conceptualised the Crime & Criminals Tracking Network and Systems (CCTNS) project as a Mission Mode under the National eGovernance Plan (NeGP).

  • The Government of India is attempting to modernise the police force by prioritising citizen services, information gathering, and dissemination among various police organisations and units across the country.
  • A holistic approach to addressing the needs of the police, particularly regarding functions in the police station and traffic management, was necessary.
  • There is also a need to improve citizen-police interactions.
  • To share information between departments, interfaces with external agencies such as courts, transportation authorities, hospitals, and municipal authorities, among others, must be built.
  • Therefore, to improve the effectiveness and efficiency of the police department, information and communication technologies must be integrated into policing.
  • To achieve the benefits of e-government, a comprehensive strategy is required, including the re-engineering and standardisation of key police functions, as well as the exchange of critical crime data between all police establishments, which needs the development of a reliable and secure method.
  • Thus, CCTNS was created in response to the need for a comprehensive e-governance system to be implemented in police stations across the country.

Read the linked article for the UPSC Exam to learn more about the Significance of e-Governance!

CCTNS Status

The CCTNS/ICJS project’s implementation phase has since been extended until March 2018, and the operations and maintenance phase will continue until March 2022. All 16,347 police stations in the country have implemented the Crime and Criminal Tracking Network and System (CCTNS) till September 2022, and 99 percent of those stations have all FIRs registered directly in CCTNS.

  • In 2017, the Cabinet Committee on Economic Affairs (CCEA) established a new Interoperable Criminal Justice System (ICJS).
  • It will be accomplished by integrating CCTNS with the critical components of the Criminal Justice System: e-Courts, e-Prisons, Forensics, and Prosecution.
  • Individual IT systems were implemented and stabilised during Phase I of the ICJS project (2018-2022), and record search was enabled on these systems.
  • The Indian Government approved implementing the Inter-Operable Criminal Justice System (ICJS) project phase II in February 2022 at a total cost of Rs.3,375 crore from 2022-23 to 2025-26.

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Achievements of CCTNS during 2018-2019

In terms of reach, connectivity, and utilisation across every one of the nation's police stations, CCTNS has had significant success. States were urged to establish State Citizen Portals (SCP) to provide a variety of services. The Annexure presents the project's usage progress as of 31.03.2019.

Conclusion

Today, information technology (IT) plays a critical role in improving outcomes in crime investigation and criminal detection, as well as other aspects of police organisation operations, by facilitating the easy recording, retrieval, analysis, and sharing of a large amount of data. The purpose of CCTNS is to ensure that Police maintain all of their Crime and Criminals data through an online system and to provide Citizens with hassle-free online access to Police Services.

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UPSC Previous Year Questions

Q1. Implementation of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) based projects/programmes usually suffers in terms of certain vital factors. Identify these factors and suggest measures for their effective implementation. (UPSC Mains 2019, GS Paper 2).

Q2. E-governance is not only about the utilization of the power of new technology but also much about the critical importance of the ‘use value’ of information. (UPSC Mains 2018, GS Paper 2).

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Crime and Criminal Tracking Network & Systems - FAQs

The Crime & Criminals Tracking Network and Systems (CCTNS) project was launched on June 12, 2009, and it was conceptualised by the Ministry of Home Affairs as a Mission Mode Project under the National eGovernance Plan (NeGP).

Yes, CCTNS will make the police more accessible to the public in a transparent manner by automating police station operations and creating more channels for service delivery.

CCTNS, developed by the Bangalore-based IT firm Wipro, aims to integrate all crime data and records into a Core Application Software (CAS).

Haryana was ranked first in the country for the second time in the Crime and Criminal Tracking Network and System (CCTNS) with a high score.

CCTNS's primary functions include seamless integration with police systems for better citizen-centric service delivery, nationwide access to crime and criminal data, and improved law enforcement.

The Ministry of Home Affairs is responsible for Crime & Criminals Tracking Network and Systems (CCTNS) project as a Mission Mode Project under the National e-Governance Plan (NeGP).
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