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Home / IAS Preparation / Campa Upsc

Compensatory Afforestation Fund Management And Planning Authority (CAMPA Act): Structure & Objectives

Last Updated on Aug 25, 2023
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The CAMPA Act is significant legislation related to the impact of deforestation. It is aimed at addressing the environmental impact of diverting forest land for non-forest purposes. The CAMPA Act establishes a dedicated fund for compensatory afforestation. It enables the effective management and planning of funds collected from industries. 

CAMPA Act is important from the perspective of the UPSC IAS examination. It falls under General Studies Paper 3 under the Ecology and Environment section.

In this article, we will discuss the CAMPA Act, its objectives, its state, the CAMPA fund, and also the compensatory Afforestation.

Also, check out the Forest Rights Act (FRA), 2006, here.

What is CAMPA Act?

The Compensatory Afforestation Fund Management and Planning Authority (CAMPA) Act seeks to reduce the impact of the diversion of forest land for non-forest purposes by making sure through a well-defined institutional mechanism. The authority ensures that the funds released from diversifying forest land for nonforest purposes are utilized quickly and transparently. The CAMPA law is also relevant in states, union Territories, and the center. The Union Environment Ministry has transferred ₹47,436 crores to 27 States for afforestation. The funds are long-pending dues, part of the Compensatory Afforestation Fund (CAF), collected for nearly a decade as environmental compensation from the industry.

Also, check out the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) here.

State CAMPA

The State Compensatory Afforestation Fund Management and Planning Authority (CAMPA Act 2016) is intended to accelerate activities for preserving natural forests, managing wildlife, infrastructure development in the sector, and other allied activities.

Structure of the governing body of State CAMPA

The State CAMPA comprises the following members listed in the table below.

List of Members

Designation in the State CAMPA

Chief Minister

Chairperson

Minister of Forests

Member

Minister of Finance

Member

Minister of Planning

Member

Chief Secretary

Member

Principal Secretary (Finance)

Member

Principal Secretary (Planning)

Member

Principal Chief Conservator of Forests

Member

Chief Wildlife Warden

Member

Secretary (Forests)

Member Secretary

Check out this article to learn more about Tropical Deciduous Forests for UPSC Exam.

Objectives of the CAMPA Act

The objectives of the CAMPA act are as follows:

  • The CAMPA act promotes afforestation and development activities to compensate for forest land that can be diverted to non-forest uses.
  • The law lays down effective guidelines for the state.
  • It also helps in resolving the issues between the inter-state and the centre-state.
  • It recommended measures that are based on strategic planning to the authorities of the state CAMPA.
  • It makes available the necessary assistance in terms of scientific, technological, and other requisites that may be required by the authority responsible for the state CAMPA.

Check out the article on National Forest Policy – 1988 for the UPSC Exam.

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CAMPA fund

CAMPA fund is called the compensation in monetary values that has to be deposited along with the net value of the land under the CAMPA law by the authorities diverting the forest lands for non-forest purposes to raise the forest. This is done to compensate for the use of forest land with the equivalent non-forest land that has to be taken up for afforestation.

Some of the important facts about the CAMPA fund are as follows:

  • In 2002, the supreme court of India in the TN Godavarman Vs union of India ordered the creation of a CAMPA fund.
  • To manage the Compensatory Afforestation Fund (CAF), CAMPA was established in 2004.
  • CAMPA also acts as the custodian of the CAMPA fund.
  • The state funds will receive 90% of the payments, while the national fund will receive 10%.
  • The CAG report of 2013 mentioned that CAMPA funds are going unutilized.
  • All states except Nagaland have set up state CAMPAs following this notification as of November 2019.
  • The National Compensatory Afforestation Fund under the Public Account of India and the State Compensatory Afforestation Fund under the Public Account of each state was created.

Read about the Tropical Evergreen Forest In India for the UPSC Exam here!

Criticism Of CAMPA Act 2016

The criticism of CAMPA law is as follows:

  • The supreme court, in 2002, argued that the collected funds for afforestation were under-utilized by the states, and it ordered the central pooling of funds under the ad hoc Compensatory Afforestation Fund.
  • The CAMPA law says that land selected for afforestation should preferably be contiguous to the forest being diverted so that it can be easier for forest officers to manage it. If any suitable non-forest land is not found, a degraded forest can be chosen for afforestation. In several states like Chhattisgarh, and Odisha, where the mining intensity is very high, finding non-forest land for a forest station to compensate for forest loss is a big task.
  • Several state governments need to utilize the CAMPA fund properly. The number of rupees 86 lakh from CAMPA funds given in Punjab for afforestation was reportedly spent on litigation work.
  • Infrastructure development is one area of fund usage; some experts believe that CAMPA funds can become general development funds.
  • Questions have also been raised about the quality of the new forest.
  • No provision exists regarding the consultation of tribal Gram Sabha during compensatory afforestation. It defeats the pith and substance of the Forest Rights Act.
  • In several places, the loss of natural species is compensated with the plantation of non-native species in the name of the artificial plantation. It also serves as a threat to even the existing ecosystem.

Check out the Mangroves in India here.

Compensatory Afforestation Fund 2016

Some of the features of the CAMPA Act 2016 are given below:

  • The Government of India developed a well-defined Act known as the CAMPA (Compensatory Afforestation Fund Management and Planning Authority) to compensate for the loss of forest area and maintain sustainability.
  • This law establishes the National Compensatory Afforestation Fund under the Public Account of India and a state Compensatory Afforestation Fund under the Public Account of each state.
  • The company should pay to plant new trees in the alternative land provided to the state for Afforestation.
  • According to the CAMPA Act’s provision, a company that diverts forest land must provide alternative land to take up Compensatory Afforestation.
  • 90% of the Compensatory Afforestation money will be given to the states, while the center will retain 10%.
  • These CAMPA funds will receive payments for Compensatory Afforestation, the Net present value of forest (NPV), and other project-specific payments.

Check out the article on Montane Forest in India for the UPSC Exam.

Download Compensatory Afforestation Fund Management And Planning Authority (CAMPA) Act PDF here!

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FAQs On Compensatory Afforestation Fund Management and Planning Authority (CAMPA)

The objectives of CAMPA law are as follows:The CAMPA law promotes afforestation and development activities in order to compensate for forest land that can be diverted to non forest uses.The law lays down effective guidelines for the state.It also helps in resolving the issues between inter-state or centre-state.It recommended measures that are based on strategic planning to the authorities of the state CAMPA.

The state Compensatory Afforestation Fund Management and Planning Authority(state CAMPA) is intended as an instrument to accelerate activities for preservation of natural forests, management of wildlife, infrastructure development in the sector and other allied activities.

The criticism of CAMPA law are as follows:The supreme court in 2002, argued that the collected funds for afforestation were under-utilized by the states and it ordered for centrally pooling of funds under ad hoc compensatory Afforestation Fund.Several state governments are not utilising the CAMPA fund properly. The amount of rupees 86 lakh from CAMPA funds which were given in Punjab for afforestation were reportedly spent on litigation work.Infrastructure development is one area of fund usage; some experts believe that CAMPA funds can become general development funds.

CAMPA fund is called as the compensation in monetary values that has to be deposited along with the net value of the land under the CAMPA law by the authorities who are diverting the forest lands for non-forest purposes so as to raise the forest. This is done in order to compensate the use of forest land with the equivalent non-forest land that has to be taken up for afforestation.

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