Who emphasized that any cultural item can be analyzed through a circuit of culture?

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UGC NET Paper 2: Sociology 25 June 2019 Shift 2
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  1. Stuart Hall
  2. David Held
  3. Max Horkheimer
  4. T. W. Adorno

Answer (Detailed Solution Below)

Option 1 : Stuart Hall
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UGC NET Paper 1: Held on 21st August 2024 Shift 1
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Detailed Solution

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The correct answer is option 1, Stuart Hall.

  • He emphasized that any cultural item can be analyzed through a circuit of culture, which includes five interrelated elements: representation, identity, production, consumption, and regulation.
  • This approach allows for a comprehensive understanding of how culture operates and how it is shaped by social, economic, and political forces.

 Additional Information

  • Option 2, David Held, is a political theorist who has written extensively on globalization and cosmopolitanism. He argues that the world is becoming increasingly interconnected and that we need new forms of governance to address global challenges.
  • Option 3, Max Horkheimer, was a critical theorist associated with the Frankfurt School. He emphasized the role of ideology in shaping social reality and argued that critical theory should aim to expose and challenge dominant forms of power.
  • Option 4, T. W. Adorno, was also a critical theorist associated with the Frankfurt School. He focused on the role of culture in reproducing social inequality and argued that popular culture was a form of mass deception that served to maintain the status quo.
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