Which one of the following is the process involved in photosynthesis?

Key Points

• Photosynthesis is the process by which green plants, algae, and some bacteria convert light energy into chemical energy.
• During photosynthesis, free energy (light energy from the sun) is converted into potential energy (chemical energy) and stored in the form of glucose or other carbohydrates.
• This process primarily occurs in the chloroplasts of plant cells, where chlorophyll pigments absorb light energy.
• Photosynthesis can be summarized by the equation: 6CO₂ + 6H₂O + light energy → C₆H₁₂O₆ + 6O₂.

Additional Information

• Chlorophyll:
  • Chlorophyll is the green pigment found in the chloroplasts of plant cells.
  • It plays a crucial role in the absorption of light energy required for photosynthesis.
• Chloroplasts:
  • Chloroplasts are specialized organelles in plant cells that conduct photosynthesis.
  • They contain chlorophyll and other pigments that capture light energy.
• Light Reactions:
  • The light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis occur in the thylakoid membranes of the chloroplasts.
  • These reactions convert light energy into chemical energy in the form of ATP and NADPH.
• Calvin Cycle:
  • The Calvin cycle, or light-independent reactions, occurs in the stroma of the chloroplasts.
  • During the Calvin cycle, ATP and NADPH produced in the light reactions are used to convert carbon dioxide into glucose.
• Importance of Photosynthesis:
  • Photosynthesis is essential for the survival of most life forms on Earth as it provides the primary source of organic matter for all living organisms.
  • It also releases oxygen into the atmosphere, which is necessary for aerobic respiration in animals and other organisms.