What is / are the method(s) to manage municipal waste?

Question

Question

This question was previously asked in

JKSSB JE Civil Jal Shakti 6 Dec 2022 Official Paper (Shift 2)

Answer 1

Explanation:

1) Composting

Composting process is similar to sanitary landfilling and it is popular in developing countries.
Decomposable organic matter is separated and composted in this procedure. Yields are stable end products and good soil conditioners.
They can be used as a base for fertilizers. Therefore, it is the most suitable method for an inland village with sufficient land area.

2) Incineration

The incineration method is suitable for combustible refuse. High operation costs and construction are involved in this procedure.
This method would be suited in crowded cities where sites for landfilling are not available.
It can be used to reduce the volume of solid wastes for landfilling.

3) Recovery

Recovery of raw materials at every step in the technological process as the raw material is converted to a product for consumption generation of solid waste during technological processes. Ex: mining, manufacturing, and packaging.
The objective of solid waste management is to reduce the quantity of solid waste disposed of on land by the recovery of materials and energy from solid waste. This in turn results in the lesser requirement of raw materials and energy as inputs for technological processes.