The property of a metal to absorb energy and plastically deform without fracturing is called ______

Property

Test

Ductility

Tension Test:

• Ductility is a measure of a material's ability to undergo significant plastic deformation before rupture, which may be expressed as percent elongation or percent area reduction from a tensile test.

Toughness

Impact Test:

• Toughness is the ability of a material to absorb energy and plastically deform without fracturing.
• A typical testing machine uses a pendulum to strike a notched specimen of a defined cross-section and deform it.
• The Charpy and Izod notched impact strength tests used to determine toughness.

Tenacity

• The tenacity of a metal is its ability to resist the effect of tensile forces without rupturing.
• Mild steel, Wrought Iron and copper are some examples of tenacious metals.

Hardness

Hardness Test:

• Hardness is a measure of the resistance to localized plastic deformation induced by either mechanical indentation or abrasion. 
• Hardness Testing measures a material’s strength by determining resistance to penetration.
• There are various hardness test methods, including Rockwell, Brinell, Vickers, Knoop and Shore Durometer testing.

• When an external force acts on a body, the body tends to undergo some deformation.
• Due to cohesion between the molecules, the body resists deformation.
• This resistance by which the material of the body opposes the deformation is known as the strength of a material.