The idea of preventing one component affecting from another through their common electric and magnetic field is referred to as

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This question was previously asked in

SDSC (ISRO) Technician B (Electronic Mechanic): Previous Year Paper (Held on 29 April 2018)

Answer 1

Electromagnetic shielding is the process of lowering the electromagnetic field in an area by barricading it with conductive or magnetic material.
These materials don't block the magnetic field, as with electric shielding, but rather draw the field into themselves, providing a path for the magnetic field lines around the shielded volume.
The effectiveness of this type of shielding depends on the material's permeability, which generally drops off at both very low magnetic field strengths and at high field strengths where the material becomes saturated.
For this purpose, soft iron is commonly used.