The figure shows:

Explanation:

4/2 Valve

• A 4/2 valve is a type of directional control valve commonly used in hydraulic and pneumatic systems. The numbers 4/2 denote that the valve has four ports and two positions. These valves are essential components in systems where the control of fluid flow direction is necessary for the operation of actuators such as cylinders or motors.
• The 4/2 valve operates by shifting its internal mechanism to connect different ports, thus controlling the direction of fluid flow. The two positions of the valve determine which ports are connected and which are blocked. Typically, these positions are controlled by a solenoid, a lever, or pneumatic pilot pressure. In one position, the valve directs the fluid to one side of the actuator, and in the other position, it reverses the flow, directing the fluid to the opposite side.

Advantages:

• Provides precise control over the direction of fluid flow.
• Can be easily automated using solenoids or other control mechanisms.
• Reliable operation with minimal maintenance requirements.

Disadvantages:

• More complex and expensive compared to simpler valves.
• Potential for internal leakage if not properly maintained.

Applications: 4/2 valves are used in a wide range of applications, including industrial machinery, automotive systems, and other equipment where directional control of hydraulic or pneumatic actuators is required.