The correct relationship between the following structures is that they are

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CSIR-UGC (NET) Chemical Science: Held on (16 Feb 2022)
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  1. identical
  2. enantiomers
  3. diastereomers
  4. constitutional isomers

Answer (Detailed Solution Below)

Option 1 : identical
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Detailed Solution

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Concept: -

  • Isomerism is the name given to a phenomenon in which more than one compounds have the same chemical formula but a different chemical structure. Compounds having the same molecular formula but different arrangements of atoms are called isomers.
  • In isomerism, the chemical formula of compounds is the same but their arrangement is different.
  • As the name suggests functional isomers are isomers that have the same chemical formula but the functional group present in the compound is different. 
  • Structural isomers are divided into chain, positional, functional, metamerism, tautomerism, and ring chain isomers.
  • Structural isomerism is commonly called constitutional isomerism.
    • In these isomers, functional groups and atoms in the molecules are connected in different ways.
  • Stereoisomers: 
    • The compounds having the same molecular as well as the same structural formulae but differing in the relative arrangement of the atoms or groups in space are called stereoisomers.
    • This phenomenon is termed as stereoisomerism. 
    • Optically Active Stereoisomers: The stereoisomers that can rotate plane-polarized light are called as optically active whereas an optically inactive compound is not capable of optical rotation.
  • Diastereomers:
    • Stereoisomers that are not mirror images of each other.
    • Diastereomers have the same configuration at least at one chiral centre and the opposite configuration at the remaining chiral centres.
  • Enantiomers:
    • Stereoisomers are mirror images of each other.
    • Enantiomers have opposite configurations at all the chiral centres.

Explanation: 

  • As we can see from the structure the linkage of atoms is the same in both thus, it rules out the possibility of constitution isomerism.
  • Let's draw a mirror between two structures given to check whether they are mirror images of each other or not -
     

  • As we can see both are mirror images of each other.
  • Now, let's check whether they are superimposable or not -

 

  • Thus, both structures as identical.

 

Conclusion: -

Both structures are superimposable mirror images of each other

Thus, they are identical.

Hence, the correct option is (1).

Alternate Method

  • Check the symmetry elements of the structure.
  • We can see that structure has a two-fold improper axis of symmetry.
  • Thus, is optically inactive.
  • We know the rotation of 180º in the plane of paper of a structure does not bring any change in configuration.
  • Hence, both are homomers or identical.

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