For prevention of dental caries in children, the recommended fluoride concentration in water should be in the range of

Explanation:

Fluoride Concentration in Water for Prevention of Dental Caries

Definition: Dental caries, commonly referred to as tooth decay, is a widespread oral health issue caused by the demineralization of tooth enamel due to acid production from bacterial activity. The presence of fluoride in drinking water has been scientifically proven to play a significant role in reducing the prevalence of dental caries in children. Fluoride strengthens the enamel, making it more resistant to acid attacks and aiding in the remineralization process. The recommended fluoride concentration in water is essential to strike a balance between caries prevention and avoiding excessive fluoride intake, which can lead to dental fluorosis.

Recommended Fluoride Concentration:

The recommended fluoride concentration in drinking water for preventing dental caries in children is in the range of 0.7 - 1.2 parts per million (ppm). This range has been established based on extensive research and is considered optimal for promoting dental health while minimizing the risk of dental fluorosis. The lower end of the range is typically recommended in warmer climates where water consumption is higher, while the upper end applies to cooler climates where water consumption is lower.

Mechanism of Action:

• Fluoride incorporates into the hydroxyapatite structure of enamel, forming a more acid-resistant compound called fluorapatite.
• It promotes the remineralization of enamel by attracting calcium and phosphate ions to areas of demineralization.
• Fluoride inhibits the metabolic activity of cariogenic bacteria, reducing acid production and the subsequent risk of enamel demineralization.

Benefits of Fluoridation:

• Significant reduction in the prevalence of dental caries, particularly in children.
• Cost-effective public health intervention for improving oral health in communities.
• Safe and efficient when fluoride concentrations are maintained within the recommended range.