Consider the following peasant movements and identify the correct chronological, sequence :
(1) Tebhaga movement
(2) Champaran movement
(3) Naxalbari movement
(4) Kheda movement

The correct answer is - (2) Champaran movement, (4) Kheda movement, (1) Tebhaga movement, and (3) Naxalbari movement

Key Points

• Champaran movement (1917):
  • This was the first major peasant movement in India led by Mahatma Gandhi.
  • It was launched in the Champaran district of Bihar to protest against the exploitation of indigo farmers by European planters.
  • The movement marked the beginning of Gandhi's leadership in the Indian freedom struggle.
• Kheda movement (1918):
  • It was organized in the Kheda district of Gujarat under the leadership of Mahatma Gandhi.
  • Farmers protested against the imposition of taxes despite a severe famine and crop failure.
  • The movement was significant in uniting farmers and demonstrating the effectiveness of non-cooperation.
• Tebhaga movement (1946-47):
  • It was a peasant movement in Bengal led by the All India Kisan Sabha.
  • Farmers demanded a reduction in the share of the landlord's produce from half to one-third.
  • The movement highlighted the exploitation of sharecroppers by landlords.
• Naxalbari movement (1967):
  • This movement began in the Naxalbari region of West Bengal and was led by radical communists.
  • It was an armed uprising by peasants against landlords demanding redistribution of land.
  • The movement played a significant role in the rise of Maoist insurgency in India.

Additional Information

• Peasant movements in India:
  • They were a response to the exploitation of farmers under colonial rule.
  • These movements played a critical role in raising awareness about agrarian issues and advocating for land reforms.
  • Key leaders like Mahatma Gandhi, Sardar Patel, and later communist leaders were instrumental in mobilizing peasants.
• Role of peasant movements in Indian history:
  • They contributed to the nationalist movement by involving rural masses in the freedom struggle.
  • These movements also laid the foundation for post-independence land reforms and policies aimed at improving the condition of farmers.