Article 48A of the Indian Constitution directs the states to ensure the protection and improvement of

The global consciousness for the protection of the environment in the seventies, the Stockholm Conference, and increasing awareness of the environmental crisis prompted the Indian Government to enact the 42nd Amendment to the Constitution in 1976.

The Constitution was amended to introduce direct provisions for the protection of the environment. This 42nd Amendment added Article 48-A to the Directive Principles of State Policy.

Key Points

Article 48A lays down the directive principle for the protection and improvement of the environment and safeguarding of forests and wildlife. It reads as:

• "The State shall endeavour to protect and improve the environment and to safeguard the forests and wildlife of the country."
• There is a pronounced responsibility upon the Central Govt. and the Concerned State Govt. in terms of Article 48A of the Constitution where it's required to preserve and enrich the environment.
• Part III of the Indian Constitution relating to Fundamental Rights does not specifically devote any Articles relating to Environment protection but the development of law and pronouncement of judgment by the Apex Court takes a crucial role to protect the right of a clean and pollution-free environment.

​ Confusion Points

• Article 51A(g) states that it shall be the duty of every citizen of India to protect and improve the natural environment including forests, lakes, rivers, and wildlife, and to have benevolence for living creatures.
• Article 51A(g) article is similar to Article 48A, the only difference is it is the fundamental duty of citizens whereas Article 48A is the duty of the state to protect the environment. This Article Also says that we get a pollution-free environment, so it is our duty to protect it and improve its quality.