National movement (1885 - 1919) MCQ Quiz - Objective Question with Answer for National movement (1885 - 1919) - Download Free PDF

The incorrect answer is: In 1920, he founded the Bharat Sevak Sangh, to preach resistance through non-violence.​

Key Points

• Pulin Behari Das was a Bengali revolutionary, born on 28 January 1877 in the village of Lonesingh, Shariatpur, Bengal (now Bangladesh).
• He was the founder-president of the Dhaka Anushilan Samiti, a prominent revolutionary group in Bengal.
• Pulin was heavily involved in physical culture from a young age, inspired by Sarala Devi's akhada in Kolkata, and opened his own akhara at Tikatuli in 1903.
• He was deeply influenced by the revolutionary movement and actively participated in organizing protests and revolutionary activities against British rule.
• In 1906, Pulin was nominated to organize the Dhaka chapter of the Anushilan Samiti and expanded its reach significantly, growing to over 500 branches.
• He masterminded several revolutionary actions, including the plot to eliminate the District Magistrate of Dhaka, Basil Copleston Allen, and the infamous Barrah Dacoity in 1908 to raise funds for arms and ammunition.
• After his arrest in 1908, Pulin was imprisoned and later transferred to Cellular Jail, where he shared a cell with prominent revolutionaries such as Vinayak Savarkar.
• After his release in 1918, Pulin tried to revive revolutionary activities but rejected Mahatma Gandhi’s Non-Cooperation Movement, preferring direct action.
• In 1920, he founded the Bharat Sevak Sangh to continue revolutionary activities, though he later dissolved it and retired from politics in 1922.
  • Hence, option 4 is incorrect.
• Pulin later focused on physical culture and founded the Bangiya Byayam Samiti in Kolkata in 1928, continuing his legacy of training young men in martial arts and wrestling.

 Additional Information

• Anushilan Samiti
  • The Anushilan Samiti was a prominent revolutionary group in Bengal during the British colonial period. It was involved in armed resistance and revolutionary activities against British rule.
  • The Samiti had branches across Bengal and was instrumental in organizing protests, training revolutionaries, and planning acts of resistance.
• Barrah Dacoity
  • Barrah Dacoity was a famous robbery carried out by revolutionaries under Pulin's leadership in 1908 at the residence of a zamindar in Barrah, Dhaka.
  • The funds raised from this dacoity were used to purchase weapons and ammunition for the revolutionary cause.
• Cellular Jail
  • Cellular Jail, located in the Andaman Islands, was notorious for housing Indian freedom fighters during British rule. Pulin Behari Das was incarcerated here after his conviction for revolutionary activities.
  • The jail was infamous for its harsh conditions and the mistreatment of political prisoners.

The correct answer is Andhra Pradesh.

Key Points

• The `Swadeshi' and 'Boycott' were adopted as methods of struggle in Bengal at the same time the Vande Matram Movement was in Andhra Pradesh.

Additional Information 

• The Swadeshi movement was part of the Indian independence movement and contributed to the development of Indian nationalism.
• The movement, begun in 1906 by Indian nationals opposed to the Partition of Bengal, was one of the most successful movements against British rule.  
• Swadeshi was a focus of Mahatma Gandhi, who described it as the soul of swaraj (self-rule).
• It was the most significant movement in Bengal and was known as the Vande Mataram movement in Andhra Pradesh.
• Started: 7 August 1905.
• Ended: 1911.

The correct answer is option 3.

Key PointsSwadeshi movement:

• It was launched in 1905 as a protest against the partition of Bengal , had spread across the country.
• Bal Gangadhar Tilak, Bipin Chandra Pal, Lala Lajpat Rai are the key people in the swadeshi movement.
• When Lord Curzon, then Viceroy of India, announced the partition of Bengal in July 1905, Indian National Congress, initiated the Swadeshi movement in Bengal.

Contribution to Indigenous Crafts and Industries:

• The Swadeshi Movement significantly contributed to the revival of indigenous artisan crafts and industries. By promoting the use of locally produced goods and boycotting foreign products, it fostered a sense of nationalism and self-sufficiency among Indians. Hence, statement 1 is correct.

Establishment of the National Council of Education:

• The National Council of Education was established in 1906 as part of the Swadeshi Movement's broader goals. This institution aimed to promote technical education and national consciousness among Indians, countering British educational policies that were seen as inadequate. Hence, statement 2 is corre

The correct answer is Pandita Ramabai.

• On 11th of March 1889, Pandita Ramabai established Sharda Sadan in Mumbai.
• She also established 'Kripa sadan' and 'Priti sadan' for homeless widows.
• On 1st May 1882, she established Arya Mahila Samaj in Pune.
• On September 29, 1883 she got Converted to Christianity.

The correct answer is Dadabhai Naoroji.

Key Points

• Dadabhai Naoroji: 
  • He wrote the book 'Poverty and Un British Rule in India'. Hence, Option 4 is correct.
  • Dadabhai Naoroji was popularly known as the 'Grand Old Man of India'.
  • He is the first Indian to become a member of the British Parliament.
  • He helped found the London Indian Society and East India Association.
  • In 1885, Naoroji became a vice-president of the Bombay Presidency Association.
  • He was Congress president thrice, in 1886, 1893, and 1906.

Additional Information

• Major writings of Dada Bhai Naroji were as follows:
  • Poverty in India
  • The manners and customs of the Parsees
  • Condition of India
  • Admission of educated natives into the ICS
  • The wants and means of India 

The correct answer is Bal Gangadhar Tilak and Muhammad Ali Jinnah.

Important Points

• The Lucknow Pact was an agreement between the Indian National Congress and the Muslim League at a joint session of both the parties held in Lucknow in December 1916.
• The Lucknow Pact of 1916 is signed between Bal Gangadhar Tilak and Muhammad Ali Jinnah.
• As a result of this agreement, The Muslim League leaders agreed to join the Congress movement demanding Indian independence.
• The Lucknow Pact was seen as a beacon of hope to Hindu–Muslim unity.
• Some common demands presented by both parties to the British are:
  1. The number of elected seats on the councils should be increased.
  2. Minorities in the provinces should be protected.
  3. All provinces should be granted autonomy.
  4. Separating the executive from the judiciary.

The correct answer is Kesari.

• Kesari was written by Lokmanya Tilak during the Indian National Movement.

Key Points

• Bal Gangadhar Tilak:
  • He launched two newspapers–the Kesari (in Marathi) and the Maratha (in English).
  • He organized Ganpati Festival (1893 AD) and Shivaji Festival (1895 AD).
  • He was deported to Mandalay Jail (Burma) for writing seditious articles.
  • He started the Home Rule League in 1916 AD.
  • He wrote Gita Rahasya.
  • Tilak asserted: ‘Swaraj is my birthright and I shall have it’.
  • He was awarded the title of Lokmanya.
  • He was called ‘Bal’, Lala Lajpat Rai was called ‘Lal’ and Bipin Chandra Pal was called ‘Pal’.
  • He was a part of the trio of ‘Lal-Bal- Pal’
  • He wrote the books The Arctic Home of Vedas and Gita Rahasya.

Additional Information

• Yugantar Patrika was a Bengali newspaper founded in Calcutta by Barindra Kumar Ghosh, Abhinash Bhattacharya and Bhupendranath Dutt in the year 1906.
• The Bengalee newspaper was founded by Surendra Nath Banerjee.
• Amrita Bazar Patrika was founded by Sisir Kumar Ghosh and Motilal Ghosh.

The correct answer is Dadabhai Naoroji.

Important Points

• Dadabhai Naoroji:
  • He was known as the Grand Oldman of India.
  • He was one of the founding members of the Indian National Congress (INC).
  • He became the President of INC three times i.e in the 1886 Calcutta session, 1893 Lahore session, and 1906 Calcutta session.
  • He was the first Indian Member of Parliament elected to the UK House of Commons.
  • He established the London Indian Society in the year 1865 and the East India Association in the year 1867. 

Additional Information

The correct answer is Option 4. 

Key Points

•  Mahatma Gandhi organized a Satyagraha in the Kheda district of Gujarat in the year 1918.
• The Satyagraha was a non-violent resistance movement in support of the peasants who were facing immense difficulties due to the oppressive policies of the British government, particularly the high taxes they imposed on the farmers.
• The Satyagraha was successful in achieving its objectives, and it helped establish Mahatma Gandhi's leadership in the Indian independence movement.​

Additional Information

• Mahatma Gandhi (Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi) was born on October 2, 1869.
• He was an Indian lawyer, politician, social activist, and writer.
• He became the leader of the nationalist movement against the British rule of India.
• He was known as the Father of the Nation.
• Gandhi is internationally esteemed for his doctrine of nonviolent protest (Satyagraha) to achieve political and social progress.
• He died January 30, 1948, in Delhi, and the day is celebrated as Shaheed Diwas or Martyrs' Day.
• His autobiography is titled My Experiments with Truth.
• Important movements led by Mahatma Gandhi:
  • ​Champaran Movement (1917)
  • Kheda Movement (1918)
  • Khilafat Movement (1919)
  • Non-Cooperation Movement (1920)
  • Civil Disobedience Movement: Dandi March (1930)
  • Quit India Movement (1942)

The correct answer is Chittaranjan Das.

Key Points

Subhash Chandra Bose (1897 - 1945)

• Subhash Chandra Bose was born on 23rd January 1897, in Cuttack, Orissa Division, Bengal Province.
• The birth anniversary of Netaji on 23rd January is celebrated as 'Parakram Diwas'.
• Subhash Chandra Bose is popularly known as 'Netaji'.
• He passed the Indian Civil Services Examination in 1920 in England but left it on Gandhiji's call of the Non-cooperation Movement.
• He was the first elected INC President at the Haripura Session in 1938 and Tripuri Session in 1939.
• He founded the Forward Bloc in 1939 and Kisan Sabha.
• The first division of INA was formed in September 1942 with the help of Japan.
• He took the charge of Indian Army (Azad Hind Fauj) in 1943 in Singapore.
• He addressed Mahatma Gandhiji as the 'Father of the Nation'.
• He was highly influenced by Vivekananda's teachings and considered him as his spiritual Guru.
• Chittaranjan Das was the "Political Guru of Subhash Chandra Bose".
• A .N. Mukherjee Commission enquired about the mysterious disappearance of Bose.
• "Give me blood, I will give freedom" is a famous word by Netaji.
• The famous slogan - Dilli Challo, Jai Hind.
• Autobiography - The Indian Struggle.

Additional Information

Chittaranjan Das (1870 - 1925)

• Chittaranjan Das is popularly known as 'Deshbandhu'.
• He is the first president of the Swaraj Party (1923).
• C.R. Das served as the Indian National Congress  Acting president in the Ahmedabad session (1921).
• He was actively involved in Brahmo Samaj.
• He became involved with the Non-Cooperation Movement led by Mahatma Gandhi.
• In 1908, Das attained widespread fame when he was successfully able to defend Aurobindo Ghosh in the Alipore Bomb Case.

M. G. Ranade (1842 - 1901)

• M. G. Ranade called the 'Father of the renaissance of Western India'.
• He was the mentor and political guru of Gopal Krishna Gokhale, and Bal Gangadhar Tilak.
• He established the “Widow Marriage Association” in 1861.
• Ranade founded the 'Poona Sarvajanik Sabha' in 1870, to represent the Government, the aspiration of the people.

Mahatma Gandhi 1869 -1948)

• Gandhiji is known as the Father of our Nation.
• He returned to India from South Africa on 9^th January 1915 and celebrated it as Pravasi Bharatiya Divas (NRI Day).
• The first satyagraha of Gandhiji is Chamapran Satyagraha (1917) also known as the first civil disobedience movement.
• The first hunger strike of Gandhiji is Ahmedabad Mill Strike (1918).
• The first non-cooperation movement of Gandhiji is Kheda Satyagraha (1918).
• He was the president of the INC session in Belgaum (1924).
• In 1931, Gandhiji participated in the Second Round Table Conference in London.
• Gandhiji was assassinated on 30 January 1948 by Nathuram Godse and observed as 'Martyrs Day'.

Gopala Krishna Gokhale (1866 - 1915)

• He is the founder of 'Servants of Indian Society' in 1905.
• The political Guru of Gokhale was M. G. Ranade.
• He was the President of the Benarus Session of INC in 1905.
• Gandhiji regarded him as the Political Guru.
• Tilak called Gokhale the 'Diamond of India'.

The correct answer is Dadabhai Naoroji.

Key Points

• Dadabhai Naoroji: 
  • He wrote the book 'Poverty and Un British Rule in India'. Hence, Option 4 is correct.
  • Dadabhai Naoroji was popularly known as the 'Grand Old Man of India'.
  • He is the first Indian to become a member of the British Parliament.
  • He helped found the London Indian Society and East India Association.
  • In 1885, Naoroji became a vice-president of the Bombay Presidency Association.
  • He was Congress president thrice, in 1886, 1893, and 1906.

Additional Information

• Major writings of Dada Bhai Naroji were as follows:
  • Poverty in India
  • The manners and customs of the Parsees
  • Condition of India
  • Admission of educated natives into the ICS
  • The wants and means of India 

The correct answer is option 3 i.e 1911.

Key Points 

• The Bengal was partitioned in 1905.
  • It was partitioned by Lord Curzon.
  • Partition was announced on 20^th July 1905.
  • The Bengal partition came into effect on 16^th October 1905.
  • Partition of Bengal was a part of executing divide and rule policy in India by the British.
  • Swadeshi movement was one of the main protests against the partition of Bengal.
• The Partition of Bengal was canceled in 1911.
  • It was canceled by Lord Hardinge II.
• Bengal was partitioned for the second time in 1947 as a part of the Partition of India.

The correct answer is Madan Mohan Malavya.

Key Points

• Bankim Chandra Chatterjee
  • National song - Vande Mataram is taken from his novel Anandmath (written in 1882).
  • He also wrote  Durgeshnandini (1865), and Kapalkundala (1866).
• Lokmanya Tilak
  • Born as Keshav Gangadhar Tilak in 1856.
  • He gave the slogan "Swaraj is my birthright and I shall have it"
  • He was the extremist faction of the Indian National Congress.
  • He published two papers – Kesari in Marathi and Maratha in English.
  • Along with Bipin Chandra Pal and Lala Lajpat Rai, he was called the ‘Lal-Bal-Pal’ trio of extremist leaders.
  • He was one of the founders of the All India Home Rule League, along with Annie Besant and G S Khaparde.
  • He used the Ganesh Chaturthi and Shiv Jayanti (birth anniversary of Shivaji) festivals to create unity and a national spirit among the people.
• Lal Bahadur Shastri
  • Born on 2nd October 1904.
  • He gave the slogan, “Jai Jawan! Jai Kissan!”
• Madan Mohan Malavya
  • He became the editor of the Indian Opinion in 1889.
  • He started a Hindi weekly ‘Abhyudaya’, an English daily ‘Leader’, a Hindi newspaper ‘Maryada’.
  • He gave this slogan from the Mundakopanishad, ‘Satyameva Jayate’.
  • He was given the title, ‘Mahamana’.
  • In 2015, he was bestowed the Bharat Ratna posthumously.

The correct answer is the Tinkathia system.

Key PointsTinkathia system

• Champaran was an important place for indigo cultivation.
• Champaran is a district in North-Western Bihar.
• The predominant system of Indigo cultivation in Champaran was the tinkathia system.
• In this, the ryot was under an obligation to cultivate three kathas per beegha of his land with indigo i.e. 3/20th of his landholding ( 1 beegha= 20 kathas).
• A Bigha is a popular landholding in Bihar and it is little less than an acre.
• Post-1900, the indigo factories in Bihar started facing decline because of competition from the European synthetic indigo and Britishers started exploiting farmers.
• The Champaran Satyagraha of 1917 was the first Satyagraha movement led by Gandhi Ji in India. The farmers were protesting against having to grow indigo with barely any payment for it.

The correct answer is Lala Lajpat Rai.

Key Points

All India Trade Union Congress:

• The All India Trade Union Congress (AITUC) is the oldest trade union federation in India.
• It is associated with the Communist Party of India.
• According to provisional statistics from the Ministry of Labour, AITUC had a membership of 14.2 million in 2013.
•  It was founded on 31 October 1920 with Lala Lajpat Rai as its first president.
• Until 1945 when unions became organised on party lines, it was the primary trade union organisation in India.
• The main purpose of labour unions is to give workers the power to negotiate for more favourable working conditions and other benefits through collective bargaining.
• The following are the objectives of a trade union:
  • To improve the economic lot of workers by securing them better wages.
  • To secure workers better working conditions.
  • To secure bonuses for the workers from the profits of the enterprise/organization.

Additional Information

• C Rajagopalachari
  • C. Rajagopalachari (1878-1972) was an Indian lawyer, writer and independence activist.
  • He was popular as Rajaji, C.R. and Mootharignar Rajaji.
  • He was the last Governor-General before India became a republic.
  • He is remembered for his contribution to the independence struggle as well as his intellectual and administrative prowess.
  • In 1954, he was honoured with India’s highest civilian award, Bharat Ratna.
• Chandra Shekhar Azad
  • ​Azad was born on 23rd July 1906 in the Alirajpur district of Madhya Pradesh.
  • Chandra Shekhar, then a 15-year-old student, joined a Non-Cooperation Movement in December 1921. As a result, he was arrested.
  • On being presented before a magistrate, he gave his name as "Azad" (The Free), his father's name as "Swatantrata" (Independence) and his residence as "Jail". Therefore, he came to be known as Chandra Shekhar Azad.
  • After the suspension of the non-cooperation movement in 1922 by Gandhi, Azad joined Hindustan Republican Association (HRA).
  • Most of the fund collection for revolutionary activities was done through robberies of government property. In line with the same, Kakori Train Robbery near Kakori, Lucknow was done in 1925 by HRA.
  • He died at Azad Park in Allahabad on 27th February 1931.
• Motilal Nehru
  • ​Pandit Motilal Nehru was a lawyer and politician who was born in the year 1861.
  • He was elected to United Provinces Council in 1909.
  • He was contemporary of Pandit Madan Mohan Malaviya.
  • He attended the Delhi Durbar in 1911 in honour of the visit of King George V.
  • Motilal was elected President of the United Province Congress in the year 1911.