Movement and Locomotion MCQ Quiz - Objective Question with Answer for Movement and Locomotion - Download Free PDF

The correct answer is Both 1 & 2

Concept:

• Fibrous joints do not allow any movement. This type of joint is shown by the flat skull bones which fuse end-to-end with the help of dense fibrous connective tissues in the form of sutures, to form the cranium.
• In cartilaginous joints, the bones involved are joined together with the help of cartilages. The joint between the adjacent vertebrae in the vertebral column is of this pattern and it permits limited movements.
• Synovial joints are characterised by the presence of a fluid filled synovial cavity between the articulating surfaces of the two bones. Such an arrangement allows considerable movement. These joints help in locomotion and many other movements. Examples:-
  • Ball and socket joint (between humerus and pectoral girdle),
  • Hinge joint (knee joint),
  • Pivot joint (between atlas and axis),
  • Gliding joint (between the carpals)
  • Saddle joint (between carpal and metacarpal of thumb).

Explanation:

• Ball and Socket Joint: This type of synovial joint allows for rotational movement in almost any direction. Examples include the shoulder and hip joints. 
• Hinge Joint: These joints allow for movement in one plane, much like the hinge of a door. Examples include the elbow and knee joints. They permit flexion and extension movements, making them crucial for activities such as walking and lifting objects.

Other options:

• Fibrous Joint: These joints are connected by dense connective tissue and have no joint cavity. They are typically immovable or only slightly movable. Examples include sutures in the skull.

The correct answer is Actin filaments

Explanation:

• Muscle contraction is regulated by the presence of calcium ions and the proteins troponin and tropomyosin.
• In a resting state, troponin and tropomyosin work together to block the active binding sites on actin filaments, preventing muscle contraction.
• When calcium ions bind to troponin, it causes a conformational change that moves tropomyosin away from the binding sites on actin filaments, allowing myosin heads to bind to actin and initiate muscle contraction.
  • Actin filaments: In the resting state, the troponin-tropomyosin complex covers the active binding sites on actin filaments, preventing myosin from attaching to actin and thus preventing muscle contraction.
  • Meromyosin filament: This is not involved in the regulation of muscle contraction by troponin. Meromyosin is part of the myosin molecule, which interacts with actin but is not regulated by troponin.
  • M-line: The M-line is a structural component within the sarcomere that holds the myosin filaments in place. It does not play a role in the blocking of active sites on actin by troponin.
  • H-zone: The H-zone is the region within the sarcomere where only myosin filaments are present. It does not involve the interaction with actin filaments or the regulation by troponin.

The correct answer is Both (A) and (R) are correct and (R) is the correct explanation of (A)

Explanation:

• Gout: Gout is a type of arthritis that is characterized by sudden, severe attacks of pain, redness, and tenderness in joints. It often occurs in the joint at the base of the big toe.
• Uric Acid Crystals: The inflammation in gout is caused by the deposition of uric acid crystals in the joints, which leads to intense pain and swelling.
• The assertion correctly states that gout is an inflammation of the joints. The reason provides the underlying cause of this inflammation, which is the accumulation of uric acid crystals.
• Hence, both the assertion and the reason are correct, and the reason correctly explains the assertion.

The correct answer is Both Statement I and Statement II are incorrect

Concept:

• Glenoid cavity: The glenoid cavity is a depression in the scapula (shoulder bone) which articulates with the head of the humerus (upper arm bone) to form the shoulder joint.
• Femur: The head of the femur (thigh bone) articulates with the acetabulum, which is a depression in the pelvis, forming the hip joint.
• Parietal and Temporal Bones: The parietal bone and temporal bone of the skull are joined by a type of fibrous joint known as a suture. Sutures are immovable joints that are made of dense connective tissue, not cartilaginous joints.

Explanation:

• Statement I: This statement is incorrect because the glenoid cavity does not articulate with the head of the femur. Instead, the glenoid cavity articulates with the head of the humerus to form the shoulder joint.
• Statement II: This statement is incorrect because the parietal bone and the temporal bone of the skull are joined by a fibrous joint (suture) rather than a cartilaginous joint. Sutures are specific types of immovable joints found in the skull.

The correct answer is A–'H' Zone, C–'A' Band

Explanation:

• A sarcomere is the basic unit of striated muscle tissue, and it is the segment between two neighboring Z-lines (or Z-discs).
• The sarcomere is composed of thick (myosin) and thin (actin) filaments. These filaments create different bands and zones within the sarcomere.
• The key regions within a sarcomere include the A band, I band, H zone, M line, and Z line.
• In a relaxed sarcomere, these regions are clearly defined and can be identified based on the arrangement and overlap of actin and myosin filaments.
• A–'H' Zone: The H zone is the central part of the A band where there is no overlap between the thick (myosin) and thin (actin) filaments. It appears lighter than the A band but darker than the I band.
• C–'A' Band: The A band is the dark band of the sarcomere that extends the full length of the thick filaments. It includes regions of overlapping actin and myosin filaments.

The correct answer is The contraction and relaxation of these cells result in movement

The correct answer is Actin and myosin filaments do not shorten they only pass each other.

Concept:

• The sliding filament theory is a widely accepted explanation for how muscles contract to produce force. It was first proposed by scientists Huxley and Hanson in the 1950s.
• According to this theory, muscle contraction occurs when the thin actin filaments slide past the thick myosin filaments, causing the sarcomere (the functional unit of a muscle fiber) to shorten.
• During contraction, the myosin heads bind to actin, forming cross-bridges, and then pull the actin filaments toward the center of the sarcomere through a series of power strokes.
• This sliding of filaments does not involve any shortening of the filaments themselves; instead, it is the relative movement of the actin and myosin filaments that leads to muscle contraction.

Explanation:

Actin and myosin filaments do not shorten; they only pass each other.

• This is the correct answer. The sliding filament theory describes that during muscle contraction, the actin and myosin filaments slide past one another without changing their length, leading to the shortening of the sarcomere and thus the muscle itself.

Other Options:

• Actin and myosin filaments shorten and slide past each other.
  • This is incorrect because the actin and myosin filaments do not shorten during muscle contraction. They remain the same length but slide past each other to create the shortening of the muscle.
• When myofilaments slide past each other, shortening of actin filaments occur.
  • This is incorrect because actin filaments do not shorten. The sliding filament theory specifies that it is the sliding of the filaments, not their shortening, that leads to muscle contraction.
• When myofilaments slide past each other, shortening of myosin filaments occur.
  • This is incorrect because myosin filaments do not shorten. Similar to actin, the myosin filaments remain the same length and it is their sliding action relative to the actin filaments that causes contraction.

The correct answer is The contraction and relaxation of these cells result in movement

The correct answer is Statement 1 only

Explanation:

• There are 12 pairs of ribs. Each rib is a thin flat bone connected dorsally to the vertebral column and ventrally to the sternum.
• It has two articulation surfaces on its dorsal end and is hence called bicephalic.
• First seven pairs of ribs are called true ribs.
• Dorsally, they are attached to the thoracic vertebrae and ventrally connected to the sternum with the help of hyaline cartilage.
• The 8th, 9th and 10th pairs of ribs do not articulate directly with the sternum but join the seventh rib with the help of hyaline cartilage. These are called vertebrochondral (false) ribs.
• Last 2 pairs (11th and 12th) of ribs are not connected ventrally and are therefore, called floating ribs.

The correct answer is A- ii, B- iv, C-i, D-iii

Explanation:

• A. Myasthenia gravis: Autoimmune disorder affecting neuromuscular junction leading to fatigue, weakening and paralysis of skeletal muscle.
• ​B. Osteoporosis: Age-related disorder characterized by decreased bone mass and increased chances of fractures. Decreased levels of estrogen is a common cause.
• C. Arthritis: Inflammation of joints.
• D. Muscular dystrophy: Progressive degeneration of skeletal muscle mostly due to genetic disorder.

The correct answer is 14

Explanation:-

The facial skeleton is composed of 14 bones which form the front part of the skull.

Breakdown of these bones:

• Maxilla (2 bones) - Upper jaw bones that form the central part of the facial skeleton.
• Palatine Bones (2 bones) - L-shaped bones contributing to the structure of the nasal cavity and the hard palate.
• Zygomatic Bones (2 bones) - Also known as cheekbones, these bones form the prominence of the cheeks.
• Nasal Bones (2 bones) - Small rectangular bones forming the bridge of the nose.
• Lacrimal Bones (2 bones) - Thin, fragile bones forming part of the medial wall of the orbit.
• Inferior Nasal Conchae (2 bones) - Also called the inferior turbinate bones, they are thin, curved bones located in the nasal cavity.
• Vomer (1 bone) - A single bone forming the inferior and posterior part of the nasal septum.
• Mandible (1 bone)-The mandible is the largest and strongest bone of the human face. It forms the lower jaw and is the only movable bone of the skull. 

These 14 bones collectively form the facial skeleton, which provides structural support for the face, anchors the muscles of facial expression, and houses various sensory organs such as the eyes, nose, and mouth.

Conclusion:-Frontal part of skull is made up of 14 bones.

The correct answer is A-III, B-I, C-IV, D-II 

Explanation:

A. Fibrous joints-  III. Skull, don’t allow any movement 
B. Cartilaginous joints - I. Adjacent vertebrae, limited movement
C. Hinge joints-  IV. Knee, help in locomotion
D. Ball and socket joints - II. Humerus and Pectoral girdle, rotational movement

• Fibrous joints do not allow any movement. This type of joint is shown by the flat skull bones which fuse end-to-end with the help of dense fibrous connective tissues in the form of sutures, to form the cranium.
• In cartilaginous joints, the bones involved are joined together with the help of cartilages. The joint between the adjacent vertebrae in the vertebral column is of this pattern and it permits limited movements.
• Synovial joints are characterised by the presence of a fluid filled synovial cavity between the articulating surfaces of the two bones. Such an arrangement allows considerable movement. These joints help in locomotion and many other movements. Examples:-
  • Ball and socket joint (between humerus and pectoral girdle),
  • Hinge joint (knee joint),
  • Pivot joint (between atlas and axis),
  • Gliding joint (between the carpals)
  • Saddle joint (between carpal and metacarpal of thumb).

The correct answer is pectoral girdle of mammals

Explanation:

The acromion process is a bony projection on the scapula (shoulder blade), which is a component of the pectoral girdle in mammals. The scapula is a flat, triangular bone that plays a key role in shoulder movement and function. The acromion process extends laterally over the shoulder joint and forms the highest point of the shoulder. It serves as an attachment point for the clavicle (collarbone) and several muscles, including the deltoid and trapezius muscles.

 Role of the Acromion Process:

1. Muscle Attachment: It provides attachment sites for muscles that are involved in shoulder movement.
2. Joint Stabilization: It helps form part of the acromioclavicular joint, contributing to the stability of the shoulder joint.
3. Protection: It protects underlying structures such as the rotator cuff tendons and the subacromial bursa from mechanical wear and tear.

Other options:

• Pelvic girdle of mammals: Incorrect. The pelvic girdle consists of the ilium, ischium, and pubis bones, which are part of the hip anatomy. The acromion process is not a component of the pelvic girdle.
• Skull of frog: Incorrect. Frogs have different skeletal structures compared to mammals, and the acromion process doesn't exist in the skull of frogs. Their skeletal system includes structures like the braincase and various cartilaginous components, but not the acromion.
• Sperm of mammals: Incorrect. Sperm cells are highly specialized cells for reproduction and do not have bony structures such as the acromion process.

So, the correct answer is that the acromion process is characteristically found in the pectoral girdle of mammals. This fits with the anatomical structure and function of the acromion process, making it the accurate statement.

The correct answer is Statements 2 and 3 are incorrect.

Explanation:

• The endoplasmic reticulum, i.e., sarcoplasmic reticulum of the muscle fibres is the store house of calcium ions.
• A characteristic feature of the muscle fibre is the presence of a large number of parallelly arranged filaments in the sarcoplasm called myofilaments or myofibrils.
• Each myofibril has alternate dark and light bands on it.
• Myofibril has striated appearance which is due to the distribution pattern of two important proteins – Actin and Myosin.
• The light bands contain actin and is called I-band or Isotropic band, whereas the dark band called ‘A’ or Anisotropic band contains myosin.

Therefore, Statement 2 and 3 are incorrect.

The correct answer is Actin and myosin filaments do not shorten they only pass each other.

Concept:

• The sliding filament theory is a widely accepted explanation for how muscles contract to produce force. It was first proposed by scientists Huxley and Hanson in the 1950s.
• According to this theory, muscle contraction occurs when the thin actin filaments slide past the thick myosin filaments, causing the sarcomere (the functional unit of a muscle fiber) to shorten.
• During contraction, the myosin heads bind to actin, forming cross-bridges, and then pull the actin filaments toward the center of the sarcomere through a series of power strokes.
• This sliding of filaments does not involve any shortening of the filaments themselves; instead, it is the relative movement of the actin and myosin filaments that leads to muscle contraction.

Explanation:

Actin and myosin filaments do not shorten; they only pass each other.

• This is the correct answer. The sliding filament theory describes that during muscle contraction, the actin and myosin filaments slide past one another without changing their length, leading to the shortening of the sarcomere and thus the muscle itself.

Other Options:

• Actin and myosin filaments shorten and slide past each other.
  • This is incorrect because the actin and myosin filaments do not shorten during muscle contraction. They remain the same length but slide past each other to create the shortening of the muscle.
• When myofilaments slide past each other, shortening of actin filaments occur.
  • This is incorrect because actin filaments do not shorten. The sliding filament theory specifies that it is the sliding of the filaments, not their shortening, that leads to muscle contraction.
• When myofilaments slide past each other, shortening of myosin filaments occur.
  • This is incorrect because myosin filaments do not shorten. Similar to actin, the myosin filaments remain the same length and it is their sliding action relative to the actin filaments that causes contraction.