Anatomy and Physiology MCQ Quiz - Objective Question with Answer for Anatomy and Physiology - Download Free PDF
Last updated on May 12, 2025
Latest Anatomy and Physiology MCQ Objective Questions
Anatomy and Physiology Question 1:
Patella in which type of bone?
Answer (Detailed Solution Below)
Option 3 : Sesamoid
Anatomy and Physiology Question 1 Detailed Solution
Correct Answer: Sesamoid
Rationale:
- The patella, commonly referred to as the kneecap, is a sesamoid bone. Sesamoid bones are a specific type of bone that forms within tendons and are found in locations where a tendon passes over a joint. Their primary function is to protect the tendon and to improve its mechanical efficiency by modifying the direction of the muscle forces acting on the joint.
- The patella is the largest sesamoid bone in the human body and is embedded in the quadriceps tendon. It plays a vital role in the biomechanics of the knee joint by increasing the leverage of the quadriceps femoris muscle, which is essential for knee extension.
- Sesamoid bones help reduce friction, prevent damage to tendons, and provide a smooth surface for tendon movement. Their presence is crucial in areas of high mechanical stress.
Explanation of Other Options:
Short Bones
- Rationale: Short bones are roughly equal in length, width, and thickness. They provide support and stability with little to no movement. Examples include bones of the wrist (carpals) and ankle (tarsals). The patella is not classified as a short bone because it does not fit this shape or function.
Irregular Bones
- Rationale: Irregular bones have complex shapes that do not fit into other categories such as long, short, or flat bones. Examples include the vertebrae and some facial bones. The patella is not an irregular bone because it has a specialized shape and function associated with its role as a sesamoid bone.
Accessory Bones
- Rationale: Accessory bones are extra bones that develop in certain individuals, often due to variations in ossification. They are not part of the standard skeletal structure. The patella is not an accessory bone because it is a normal and essential component of the skeletal system in all individuals.
Conclusion:
- The patella is classified as a sesamoid bone because it is embedded within a tendon (the quadriceps tendon) and serves to enhance the mechanical efficiency of the knee joint. Unlike short, irregular, or accessory bones, the patella has a unique structural and functional role that aligns with the characteristics of sesamoid bones.
Anatomy and Physiology Question 2:
In which part of the human eye is the image of an object formed?
Answer (Detailed Solution Below)
Option 2 : Retina
Anatomy and Physiology Question 2 Detailed Solution
Correct Answer: Retina
Rationale:
- The retina is a crucial part of the human eye where the image of an object is formed. It acts like a screen at the back of the eye that captures light and converts it into electrical signals to be processed by the brain.
- Light enters the eye through the cornea and lens, which focus it onto the retina. The retina contains photoreceptor cells called rods and cones that detect light intensity and color, respectively. These cells then transmit the visual information to the brain via the optic nerve, allowing us to perceive the image.
- The retina ensures that the image formed is sharp and clear when the eye's focusing mechanism, including the lens, works correctly.
Explanation of Other Options:
Iris
- Rationale: The iris is the colored part of the eye that controls the size of the pupil. It regulates the amount of light entering the eye but does not play a role in forming the image.
Cornea
- Rationale: The cornea is the transparent, dome-shaped surface at the front of the eye. It helps in bending (refracting) light to focus it onto the retina but does not form the image itself.
Pupil
- Rationale: The pupil is the black circular opening in the center of the iris that allows light to enter the eye. It merely serves as a gateway for light and does not participate in image formation.
Conclusion:
- The retina is the part of the eye where the image of an object is formed. It works in conjunction with other structures such as the cornea, lens, and pupil to ensure proper focusing of light. While the iris, cornea, and pupil have significant roles in regulating and focusing light, they do not directly contribute to the formation of the image itself.
Anatomy and Physiology Question 3:
Which cranial nerve is responsible for movement of eye ball?
Answer (Detailed Solution Below)
Option 1 : Occulomotor
Anatomy and Physiology Question 3 Detailed Solution
Correct Answer: Occulomotor
Rationale:
- The oculomotor nerve (cranial nerve III) is primarily responsible for controlling most of the movements of the eyeball. It also regulates pupil constriction and maintains the position of the upper eyelid.
- This nerve innervates several muscles, including the superior rectus, inferior rectus, medial rectus, and inferior oblique muscles. These muscles are critical for moving the eye in various directions.
- Additionally, the oculomotor nerve has a parasympathetic function, helping in pupil constriction via the sphincter pupillae and accommodation of the lens through the ciliary muscles.
Explanation of Other Options:
Vagus (Cranial Nerve X)
- Rationale: The vagus nerve is not involved in eye movement. It primarily controls autonomic functions such as heart rate, digestion, and respiratory rate. It also provides sensory input from the throat and abdomen and motor output to the throat muscles.
Trigeminal (Cranial Nerve V)
- Rationale: The trigeminal nerve is a mixed nerve responsible for facial sensation and motor functions such as chewing. It does not contribute to the movement of the eyeball.
Olfactory (Cranial Nerve I)
- Rationale: The olfactory nerve is solely responsible for the sense of smell. It has no role in eye movement or any motor functions.
Conclusion:
- The oculomotor nerve (cranial nerve III) is the correct answer as it is directly responsible for most movements of the eyeball and additional functions such as pupil constriction. Other options, including the vagus, trigeminal, and olfactory nerves, are unrelated to eye movement and serve entirely different functions in the body.
Anatomy and Physiology Question 4:
What is the normal tidal volume in adults?
Answer (Detailed Solution Below)
Option 2 : 500 ml
Anatomy and Physiology Question 4 Detailed Solution
Correct Answer: 500 ml
Rationale:
- Tidal volume (TV) refers to the amount of air that is inhaled or exhaled during a normal, resting breath without any additional effort.
- In adults, the normal tidal volume is approximately 500 ml per breath. This value ensures adequate oxygenation and carbon dioxide removal during quiet breathing.
- Tidal volume is a critical parameter for maintaining the body's oxygen and carbon dioxide levels within normal ranges, supporting metabolic processes.
Explanation of Other Options:
300 ml
- Rationale: While 300 ml could potentially be a tidal volume in smaller individuals or children, it is below the average for adults. Tidal volume in adults typically falls in the range of 400–600 ml, with 500 ml being the standard reference.
1200 ml
- Rationale: 1200 ml is much higher than normal tidal volume. It may represent a deep inhalation (inspiratory reserve volume) or the total lung capacity during forceful breathing, but it is not the typical volume exchanged during quiet breathing.
3600 ml
- Rationale: 3600 ml is significantly higher than normal tidal volume. It is closer to the inspiratory capacity (the maximum volume of air that can be inhaled after a normal exhalation), which includes the tidal volume and inspiratory reserve volume.
Conclusion:
- The normal tidal volume in adults is approximately 500 ml. This value represents the amount of air moved in and out of the lungs during relaxed breathing. Understanding tidal volume is essential in respiratory physiology and clinical settings, especially when managing ventilators or assessing lung function.
Anatomy and Physiology Question 5:
_______ is completely reabsorbed by the renal tubules.
Answer (Detailed Solution Below)
Option 1 : Glucose
Anatomy and Physiology Question 5 Detailed Solution
Concept:
- Kidneys are useful for filtration and re absorption
- Humans contains a pair of kidneys with ureter and renal tubules
- Nephrons are the structural and functional units of kidneys
- Amino acids, glucose, salts and water, chloride ions are partially absorbed
- Urea and creatinine will be eliminated by the kidneys
Explanation:
- Glomerulus is tuft of tubules which absorbs the essential elements into the body and eliminates others
- Afferent tubules and efferent arterioles will bring blood to the kidney and carry blood away from the kidneys
- Normal GFR: 60 or higher is considered to be normal, less than 15 indicates disease
- BUN levels: 6-24 mg/dl
- Creatinine: 0.74 to 1.35 mg/dl
Additional Information
- Creatinine: It is a chemical compound released by the muscles and excreted by kidneys
- Potassium : normal potassium levels 3.5 to 5 mEq/L
- Uric acid: waste product released from the body excessive uric acid can lead to gout
Top Anatomy and Physiology MCQ Objective Questions
In females, the onset of puberty is first marked by ___________.
Answer (Detailed Solution Below)
Option 2 : Thelarche
Anatomy and Physiology Question 6 Detailed Solution
Download Solution PDFExplanation
- Puberty is the process of happening physical changes in a child's body to mature into an adult body and develop the capability of reproduction.
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Sequence
- Thelarche or Breast budging
- Usually, it is the first sign
- It may often unilateral
- Menarche
- Usually 2-3 years after breast development
- Growth spurt peaks before menarche
- Pubarche
- Development of Pubic hair
Key Points
Puberty is marked By Thelarche, Which means developing of Secondary Sexual Characters
- Thelarche age 9.7 years
- Menarche age 10 and 16
- Here Thelarche is seen earlier and then Menarche so the correct answer is Thelarche
Additional Information
- It is initiated by the hormonal signaling from the brain to gonads and ovaries.
- Girls begin puberty at ages 10–11 and complete puberty at ages 15–17.
- Boys generally begin puberty at age of 11–12 and complete puberty at ages 16–17.
Other Changes in Females
- Breast development
- Development of pubic hair
- Perineal skin keratinizes
- The mucosal surface of the vagina becomes thick and pinkish in response to estrogen.
- Uterus, ovaries, and follicles will increase in size.
- Menstrual bleeding
- Pelvis and hip widen
Mistake Points
Kindly note that
Puberty is marked By Thelarche, Which means the development of Secondary Sexual Characters
- Thelarche age 9.7 years
- Menarche age 10 and 16
- Here Thelarche is seen earlier and then Menarche so the correct answer is Thelarche
Which gland controls the functioning of other endocrine glands?
Answer (Detailed Solution Below)
Option 4 : Pituitary gland
Anatomy and Physiology Question 7 Detailed Solution
Download Solution PDFThe correct answer is Pituitary Gland.
Key Points
- The pituitary gland controls the functioning of other endocrine glands. The pituitary is often called the master gland because its hormones control another part of the endocrine system like thyroid glands, ovaries, and testes.
- The pituitary gland has two parts which are the anterior lobe and posterior lobe. Both parts have separate functions. This gland is located at the base of the brain and it is one-third of an inch diameter.
Additional Information
- The thyroid gland is a butterfly-shaped gland and it is located in the base of the throat. It releases hormones that control metabolism. It is 2 inches long. The thyroid is part of the endocrine system which is made up of glands. This gland uses iodine from the food we eat.
- The pineal gland is a small pea-shaped gland. it is located in the brain. it is called the third eye. It is about one-third inch long and its color is a reddish-grey gland. The pineal gland often appears in X-rays.
- The adrenal glands are small glands. It is located on top of each kidney.
________ connects muscle to the bones.
Answer (Detailed Solution Below)
Option 4 : Tendons
Anatomy and Physiology Question 8 Detailed Solution
Download Solution PDFConcept:
- Tendons are fibrous connective tissues, and connects muscle to the bones.
- Ligaments join one bone to bone, while tendons connect muscle to bone for a proper functioning of the body.
- Both Tendons and Ligaments are made of collagen.
- Cartilage
- is a resilient and smooth elastic tissue, rubber-like padding that covers and protects the ends of long bones at the joints.
- It is a structural component of the rib cage, the ear, the nose, the bronchial tubes, the intervertebral discs, and many other body components.
- It is not as hard and rigid as bone, but it is much stiffer and much less flexible than muscle.
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Areolar tissue is a type of loose connective tissue.
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It holds organs in place and attaches epithelial tissue to other underlying tissues.
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It also surrounds the blood vessels and nerves.
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How many pairs of cranial nerves are present in the human body?
Answer (Detailed Solution Below)
Option 1 : 12 pairs
Anatomy and Physiology Question 9 Detailed Solution
Download Solution PDFExplanation-
Cranial nerves
- 12 pairs of cranial nerves are present.
- Cranial nerves emerge directly from the brain.
- It relay information between the brain and parts of the body.
The femur bones of the human body are also known as ______.
Answer (Detailed Solution Below)
Option 2 : thigh bones
Anatomy and Physiology Question 10 Detailed Solution
Download Solution PDFThe correct answer is Thigh Bones.
Key Points
- The femur bones of the human body are also called thigh bones.
- The femur is the only bone located within the human thigh.
- It is the longest and the strongest bone in the human body.
- The head of the femur articulates with the acetabulum in the pelvic bone forming the hip joint.
- while the distal part of the femur articulates with the tibia and kneecap, forming the knee joint.
Additional Information
- Wrist Bone :
- Your wrist is made up of eight small bones (carpal bones) plus two long bones in your forearm:
- the radius
- the ulna
- The most commonly injured carpal bone is the scaphoid bone, located near the base of your thumb.
- The wrist is a complex joint that bridges the hand to the forearm.
- The bones comprising the wrist include the distal ends of the radius and ulna, 8 carpal bones, and the proximal portions of the 5 metacarpal bones.
- The trapezoid bone is the smallest bone in the distal row of carpal bones that give structure to the palm of the hand.
- Your wrist is made up of eight small bones (carpal bones) plus two long bones in your forearm:
- Shoulder Bone :
- The shoulder is one of the largest and most complex joints in the body.
- The shoulder joint is formed where the humerus (upper arm bone) fits into the scapula (shoulder blade), like a ball and socket.
- The shoulder is made up of three bones:
- the scapula (shoulder blade), clavicle (collarbone), and humerus (upper arm bone).
- Two joints in the shoulder allow it to move:
- the acromioclavicular joint, where the highest point of the scapula (acromion) meets the clavicle, and the glenohumeral joint.
- The humerus fits relatively loosely into the shoulder joint.
- This gives the shoulder a wide range of motion but also makes it vulnerable to injury.
- Four joints are present in the shoulder:
- the sternoclavicular (SC), acromioclavicular (AC), and scapulothoracic joints, and glenohumeral joint.
- Coller Bone :
- The collarbone (clavicle) is a long slender bone that connects your arms to your body.
- It runs horizontally between the top of your breastbone (sternum) and shoulder blades (scapula).
- The beauty bone is mostly just another name for your collarbone or clavicle, in women.
- It is the bone located above the ribs in the chest.
- Like the ribs, the clavicle is attached to the sternum, sometimes also known as the breast bone, on its medial end.
- There are two clavicles, one on the left and one on the right.
- The clavicle is the only long bone in the body that lies horizontally.
Answer (Detailed Solution Below)
Option 4 : Cubital fossa
Anatomy and Physiology Question 11 Detailed Solution
Download Solution PDFConcept:-
- The cubital fossa: the cubital fossa is a triangular depression that lies in front of the elbow.
- Boundaries:
- Laterally: the brachioradialis muscle
- Medially: the pronator teres muscle
- The base of the triangle is formed by an imaginary line drawn between the two epicondyles of the humerus.
- The floor of the fossa is formed by the supinator muscle laterally and the brachialis muscle medially.
- The roof is formed by skin and fascia and is reinforced by bicipital aponeurosis.
Additional InformationFemoral area:
- it relates to the femur and its proximal articulation with the pelvis to form the coxa (hip) joint and its distal articulation with the tibia and patella, and by extension the fibula, to form the knee joint.
Radial bone:
- it is one of the two large bones of the forearm, the other being the ulna. It extends from the lateral side of the elbow to the thumb side of the wrist and runs parallel to the ulna.
Popliteal Fossa is a diamond-shaped space behind the knee joint.
Answer (Detailed Solution Below)
Option 4 : a fat cell
Anatomy and Physiology Question 12 Detailed Solution
Download Solution PDFThe correct answer is a fat cell.
Concept:
Cell:
- It is the fundamental unit of life.
- All organisms are made up of cells.
Explanation:
Structure of cell:
- A cell has three components:
- Cell membrane
- Cytoplasm
- Nucleus
Variety of cells:
- Cells can be of different shapes and sizes.
- There can be different types of cells in an organism.
Given below are some examples of cells found in the human body:
Additional InformationBacterial cell: it is a prokaryotic cell that lacks a well-developed nucleus and other cell organelles.
Plant Cell: Eukaryotic cell with a cell wall made up of cellulose and chloroplasts containing chlorophyll pigment.
Muscle cell: The special type of cell made up of contractile proteins that provide the muscle the ability to contract and relax.
Lower part of pharynx is attached to
Answer (Detailed Solution Below)
Option 2 : Larynx
Anatomy and Physiology Question 13 Detailed Solution
Download Solution PDFConcept:
- The lower part of the pharynx is the laryngopharynx or hypopharynx.
- It opens into the oesophagus posteriorly and the larynx anteriorly.
- The pharynx connects the mouth and nose to the oesophagus (leads to the stomach) and the larynx (the trachea and then to the lungs).
Explanation:
- The laryngopharynx is a respiratory as well as a digestive pathway.
- It consists of nonkeratinized stratified squamous epithelium.
- The pharynx is a part of the respiratory system and also a part of the digestive system.
- The pharynx has 3 parts: Nasopharynx, Oropharynx, and Laryngopharynx. The lower two-part - the oropharynx and the laryngopharynx are involved in the digestive system.
- The Nasopharynx connects to the esophagus and it serves as a passageway for both air and food.
What is the largest part of the human brain?
Answer (Detailed Solution Below)
Option 3 : Cerebrum
Anatomy and Physiology Question 14 Detailed Solution
Download Solution PDFThe correct answer is Cerebrum.
Key Points
- The cerebrum is the largest part of the human brain.
- The cerebrum is the main part of the brain in humans and other vertebrates.
- It is located in the upper part of the cranial cavity, which is a space inside the top of the skull.
Additional Information
The cerebral cortex is divided into 4 lobes.
|
Lobes |
Details |
|
Occipital |
The occipital lobe, is found in the back of your cerebrum. |
|
Temporal |
There are two temporal lobes, one in each hemisphere - close to where your ears are. |
|
Frontal |
The frontal lobe allows you to solve a complex task, and undergo a voluntary movement of your body parts. |
|
Parietal |
The parietal lobe functions in general sensation and feeling. |
In the given figure, different parts of the human excretory system are represented by A to F. Choose the correct answer according to the parts given.
Answer (Detailed Solution Below)
Option 4 : Kidney, Abdominal aorta, Ureter, Pelvis, Urethra, Bladder
Anatomy and Physiology Question 15 Detailed Solution
Download Solution PDFConcept:-
- Urinary system: the urinary system is another system by which the body rids itself of unwanted toxins or waste.
- It is the main excretory system in the body.
Explanation: -
Parts of the urinary system:
- Kidney
- Abdominal aorta
- Ureter
- Pelvis
- Urethra
- Bladder