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JAM Trinity - Objectives, Significance, Drawbacks & Benefits

Last Updated on Apr 12, 2023
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JAM Trinity- (Jan Dhan, Aadhar, and Mobile) is a tool used by the government to transfer cash benefits directly to the bank account of the intended beneficiary. JAM Trinity is the key enabler of India's transformed and well-developed digital landscape. 

In this article, we will learn in detail about the JAM Trinity, its benefits, objectives, roles, and challenges facing this unique initiative. ‘

JAM Trinity UPSC’ is an important topic for the UPSC IAS Exam preparation and is covered under the Financial Inclusion section of the General Studies Paper-3 Syllabus and also the Government Schemes Section of the General Studies Paper 2 Syllabus. 

JAM Trinity- An Overview

JAM stands for Jandhan Yojana, Aadhar, and Mobile. It is a government of India initiative which aims to deal with the leakage of government subsidies by linking the Jan Dhan Accounts, Aadhar Cards, and Mobile numbers of Indian citizens.

Source: PMI India

  • JAM is the combination of the above three modes used to deliver direct cash benefits to the bank accounts of the beneficiaries of the DBT scheme of the Government of India.
  • The DBT scheme of the government till now has been operating at various levels, either in the form of different subsidies or through various convoluted routes.
  • This mode of benefits transfer had a heavy go at the exchequer; moreover, the benefits were not reaching the intended beneficiaries.
  • This is where the JAM Trinity comes into the picture.
  • The Aadhar helps in direct beneficiary identification based on biometric data, whereas Jan Dhan accounts and mobile phones enable the government the transfer cash directly into the bank accounts of the beneficiaries.

Read this article on Pradhan Mantri Garib Kalyan Yojana here!

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Objectives of JAM Trinity

The JAM Trinity is being used to fulfill the following objectives:

  • To enforce the DBT on a pan-India basis.
  • The integration of Jan Dhan accounts, Aadhar card, and mobile number.
  • To make the subsidy scheme in India corruption accessible.
  • To ensure the government benefits reach the intended beneficiaries.
  • To reduce the fiscal deficit by doing away with the subsidies and transferring cash benefits directly to the beneficiaries' bank accounts.

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Significance of JAM Trinity

The significance of JAM Trinity can be assessed based on the below data set presented by the Economic Survey 2017-18:

  • The government spends around 3.8 lakh crore rupees (4.2% of GDP) on various subsidies.
  • The survey also highlights that the service delivery system of the subsidies could be more efficient and full of corruption.
  • For instance, the rich half of the population uses 3/4th of the subsidized LPG cylinders.
  • The countrywide Public Distribution System (PDS) system is marred with rampant corruption and leakages.
  • According to the data, over 15%of the PDS rice, 48% of sugar, and 54% of wheat are lost in leakages.
  • As a result, even after spending billions on subsidies, the government still needs to deliver the full benefits to the target population.
  • Furthermore, the huge spending on subsidies results in a big budgetary deficit which only adds to the existing woes.
  • This increases government borrowing and limits crucial capital expenditure, which hampers economic growth.

The government deals with all the above challenges effectively by using the JAM Trinity as a significant tool.

Also, read about the Mudra Yojana here!

Why is JAM Trinity Powerful?

JAM Trinity is a powerful tool, and the following points can assess the same:

  • The real power of JAM Trinity was first felt on a countrywide scale during the Covid-19 pandemic when the government transferred the cash aid directly to the accounts of the intended beneficiaries with hardly any movement of man and material just by using the JAM Trinity.
  • The deep penetration of mobile phones in Indian society makes JAM Trinity more powerful and gives it almost universal access.
  • Thanks to the Aadhar card, the biometric identification-based benefit transfer leaves hardly any scope for corruption.
  • No requirement for mobilization and instant transfer of subsidies.
  • The scale and ease with which the JAM Trinity operates make it a very handy and potent tool.

Source: PMI India

Read this article to know about the Kisan Credit Card scheme here!

Drawbacks and Issues With JAM Trinity

Although the JAM Trinity has proved to be of substantial benefit to the government yet it has some associated drawbacks:

  • Large number of inactive Jan Dhan accounts.
  •  A large digital divide is present in the country.
  • Need for adequate digital infrastructure.
  • Lack of technical knowledge, including banking knowledge, in India's poor and rural population.
  • Data theft and privacy issues related to online transactions.
  • Cyber frauds.
  • Lack of knowledge about government schemes in public.

Study the Article Nai Roshni Scheme here!

Key Benefits of JAM Trinity

Following are the benefits arising out of JAM Trinity

  • The biggest benefit of JAM Trinity is that it has expanded the overall coverage of the DBT program to the national level.
  • Elimination of intermediaries and middlemen, therefore, minimizing corruption.
  • Promotion of digital transactions.
  • Financial inclusion with Jan Dhan account.
  • Familiarization of the unbanked population with institutional finance and savings.
  • Many beneficiaries of the direct cash transfer are women, thus helping in the financial inclusion of women in India.
  • Deduplication with Aadhar biometric data.
  • A big boost to the effective implementation of the DBT.
  • There is ample scope for innovation in the JAM Trinity to keep it up to date with the requirements of the time.
  • Hassle-free Mudra loan.

Read an article in Pradhan Mantri Jan Dhan Yojana here!

Milestones of JAM Trinity
  • Guinness World Record for most bank accounts opened in a week 1,80,96,130.
  • A total of 19.72 crore bank accounts were opened.
  • Staggering 16.8 crore RuPay cards.
  • 28,000 crores cash deposit in beneficiary bank accounts.
  • 131 crores overdraft.

Read an article on PM KUSUM Scheme here!

Conclusion / Way Forward

Social Benefits delivery is a very critical and visible aspect of governance. Delivering these in a country like India with various challenges, including inadequate financial inclusion, becomes an uphill task. JAM Trinity was a great milestone in India’s quest to achieve financial inclusion and delivering social justice to the last man standing. Despite the tremendous success of JAM Trinity, there is still a lot to be done to realize its full potential of it.

Download the PDF on JAM Trinity government Scheme Notes for UPSC Exam!

The JAM Trinity will serve as the bedrock of many future initiatives of the government of India.

Also, Read the Article COVID Suraksha.

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JAM Trinity FAQs

JAM full form- Jan Dhan, Aadhar, and Mobile is an initiative launched by the government of India to directly transfer cash benefits to the accounts of the target population,

JAM trinity was proposed in the Economic Survey 2014-15.

JAM Trinity is a tool to provide direct cash benefits to the bank account of beneficiaries.

Some of the basic benefits of the Jan Dhan Yojana are- One basic savings bank account for an unbanked person, no requirement to maintain any minimum balance in PMJDY accounts, Interest on the deposit in PMJDY accounts, Rupay Debit card to the PMJDY account holder and many more.

The eligible person should normally be an earning member or head of the family and should be in the age group of 18 to 59.
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